Mention changed interpretation of MinIsWhite

expand_strip() and expand_tile() cleanup

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,3 +1,34 @@
+# Version 0.7.0
+
+New features:
+* Support for encoding BigTiff ([#122](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/122))
+  * _Breaking:_ Encoder types now have a generic parameter to differentiate BigTiff and standard Tiff encoding. Defaults to standard Tiff.
+* Basic tile decoding ([#125](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/125))
+  * _Breaking:_ There is a new `TiffError::UsageError` variant.
+* Support for datatypes `Int8` and `Int16` ([#114](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/114))
+  * _Breaking:_ `DecodingResult` and `DecodingBuffer` have the two new variants `I8` and `I16`.
+* Support for `i32` arrays ([#118](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/118/files))
+  * _Breaking:_ `DecodingResult` and `DecodingBuffer` have a new `I32` variant.
+* Support for `Ifd` and `IfdBig` tag types and `I64` data type ([#119](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/119))
+  * _Breaking:_ `DecodingResult` and `DecodingBuffer` have a new `I64` variant.
+* Add `SMinSampleValue` and `SMaxSampleValue` ([#123](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/123))
+
+Changes:
+* Improve deflate support ([#132](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/132))
+  * Switch to streaming decompression via `flate2`. Aside from performance improvements and lower RAM consumption, this fixes a bug where `max_uncompressed_length` was precalculated for a single tile but then used as a hard limit on the whole data, failing to decompress any tiled images.
+  * Add support for new `Deflate` tag in addition to `OldDeflate`.
+* _Breaking:_ Remove `InflateError`, which is no longer needed with `flate2` ([#134](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/134))
+* _Breaking:_ Support for `MinIsWhite` is restricted to unsigned and floating
+  point values. This is expected to be be re-added once some contradictory
+  interpretation regarding semantics for signed values is resolved.
+
+Fixes:
+* Validate that ASCII tags are valid ASCII and end with a null byte ([#121](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/121))
+
+Internal:
+* Simplify decompression logic ([#126](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/126))
+* Simplify `expand_strip` ([#128](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/pull/128))
+
 # Version 0.6.1
 
 New features:

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "tiff"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.7.0"
 authors = [
     "ccgn",
     "bvssvni <bvssvni@gmail.com>",
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ edition = "2018"
 [dependencies]
 weezl = "0.1.0"
 jpeg = { package = "jpeg-decoder", version = "0.1.17", default-features = false }
-
-[dependencies.miniz_oxide]
-version = "0.4.1"
-features = ["no_extern_crate_alloc"]
+flate2 = "1.0.20"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = "0.3.1"

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # image-tiff
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/image-rs/image-tiff.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/image-rs/image-tiff)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/workflows/Rust%20CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/image-rs/image-tiff/actions)
 [![Documentation](https://docs.rs/tiff/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/tiff)
 [![Further crate info](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/tiff.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/tiff)
 

src/bytecast.rs

@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ macro_rules! integral_slice_as_bytes{($int:ty, $const:ident $(,$mut:ident)*) =>
     })*
 }}
 
-integral_slice_as_bytes!(i8, i8_as_ne_bytes);
+integral_slice_as_bytes!(i8, i8_as_ne_bytes, i8_as_ne_mut_bytes);
 integral_slice_as_bytes!(u16, u16_as_ne_bytes, u16_as_ne_mut_bytes);
-integral_slice_as_bytes!(i16, i16_as_ne_bytes);
+integral_slice_as_bytes!(i16, i16_as_ne_bytes, i16_as_ne_mut_bytes);
 integral_slice_as_bytes!(u32, u32_as_ne_bytes, u32_as_ne_mut_bytes);
-integral_slice_as_bytes!(i32, i32_as_ne_bytes);
+integral_slice_as_bytes!(i32, i32_as_ne_bytes, i32_as_ne_mut_bytes);
 integral_slice_as_bytes!(u64, u64_as_ne_bytes, u64_as_ne_mut_bytes);
+integral_slice_as_bytes!(i64, i64_as_ne_bytes, i64_as_ne_mut_bytes);
 integral_slice_as_bytes!(f32, f32_as_ne_bytes, f32_as_ne_mut_bytes);
 integral_slice_as_bytes!(f64, f64_as_ne_bytes, f64_as_ne_mut_bytes);

src/decoder/ifd.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 use std::io::{self, Read, Seek};
 use std::mem;
+use std::str;
 
 use super::stream::{ByteOrder, EndianReader, SmartReader};
 use crate::tags::{Tag, Type};
 use crate::{TiffError, TiffFormatError, TiffResult};
 
 use self::Value::{
-    Ascii, Byte, Double, Float, List, Rational, RationalBig, SRational, SRationalBig, Short,
-    Signed, SignedBig, Unsigned, UnsignedBig,
+    Ascii, Byte, Double, Float, Ifd, IfdBig, List, Rational, RationalBig, SRational, SRationalBig,
+    Short, Signed, SignedBig, Unsigned, UnsignedBig,
 };
 
 #[allow(unused_qualifications)]
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ pub enum Value {
     SRational(i32, i32),
     SRationalBig(i64, i64),
     Ascii(String),
+    Ifd(u32),
+    IfdBig(u64),
     #[doc(hidden)] // Do not match against this.
     __NonExhaustive,
 }
@@ -59,6 +62,8 @@ impl Value {
             Short(val) => Ok(val.into()),
             Unsigned(val) => Ok(val),
             UnsignedBig(val) => Ok(u32::try_from(val)?),
+            Ifd(val) => Ok(val),
+            IfdBig(val) => Ok(u32::try_from(val)?),
             val => Err(TiffError::FormatError(
                 TiffFormatError::UnsignedIntegerExpected(val),
             )),
@@ -80,6 +85,8 @@ impl Value {
             Short(val) => Ok(val.into()),
             Unsigned(val) => Ok(val.into()),
             UnsignedBig(val) => Ok(val),
+            Ifd(val) => Ok(val.into()),
+            IfdBig(val) => Ok(val),
             val => Err(TiffError::FormatError(
                 TiffFormatError::UnsignedIntegerExpected(val),
             )),
@@ -138,6 +145,8 @@ impl Value {
             RationalBig(numerator, denominator) => {
                 Ok(vec![u32::try_from(numerator)?, u32::try_from(denominator)?])
             }
+            Ifd(val) => Ok(vec![val]),
+            IfdBig(val) => Ok(vec![u32::try_from(val)?]),
             Ascii(val) => Ok(val.chars().map(u32::from).collect()),
             val => Err(TiffError::FormatError(
                 TiffFormatError::UnsignedIntegerExpected(val),
@@ -254,6 +263,8 @@ impl Value {
             UnsignedBig(val) => Ok(vec![val]),
             Rational(numerator, denominator) => Ok(vec![numerator.into(), denominator.into()]),
             RationalBig(numerator, denominator) => Ok(vec![numerator, denominator]),
+            Ifd(val) => Ok(vec![val.into()]),
+            IfdBig(val) => Ok(vec![val]),
             Ascii(val) => Ok(val.chars().map(u32::from).map(u64::from).collect()),
             val => Err(TiffError::FormatError(
                 TiffFormatError::UnsignedIntegerExpected(val),
@@ -342,8 +353,13 @@ impl Entry {
             * match self.type_ {
                 Type::BYTE | Type::SBYTE | Type::ASCII | Type::UNDEFINED => 1,
                 Type::SHORT | Type::SSHORT => 2,
-                Type::LONG | Type::SLONG | Type::FLOAT => 4,
-                Type::LONG8 | Type::DOUBLE | Type::RATIONAL | Type::SRATIONAL => 8,
+                Type::LONG | Type::SLONG | Type::FLOAT | Type::IFD => 4,
+                Type::LONG8
+                | Type::SLONG8
+                | Type::DOUBLE
+                | Type::RATIONAL
+                | Type::SRATIONAL
+                | Type::IFD8 => 8,
                 Type::__NonExhaustive => unreachable!(),
             };
 
@@ -353,6 +369,7 @@ impl Entry {
             if decoder.bigtiff && value_bytes > 4 && value_bytes <= 8 {
                 return Ok(match self.type_ {
                     Type::LONG8 => UnsignedBig(self.r(bo).read_u64()?),
+                    Type::SLONG8 => SignedBig(self.r(bo).read_i64()?),
                     Type::DOUBLE => Double(self.r(bo).read_f64()?),
                     Type::RATIONAL => {
                         let mut r = self.r(bo);
@@ -362,6 +379,7 @@ impl Entry {
                         let mut r = self.r(bo);
                         SRational(r.read_i32()?, r.read_i32()?)
                     }
+                    Type::IFD8 => IfdBig(self.r(bo).read_u64()?),
                     Type::BYTE
                     | Type::SBYTE
                     | Type::ASCII
@@ -370,7 +388,8 @@ impl Entry {
                     | Type::SSHORT
                     | Type::LONG
                     | Type::SLONG
-                    | Type::FLOAT => unreachable!(),
+                    | Type::FLOAT
+                    | Type::IFD => unreachable!(),
                     Type::__NonExhaustive => unreachable!(),
                 });
             }
@@ -396,6 +415,10 @@ impl Entry {
                     decoder.goto_offset(self.r(bo).read_u32()?)?;
                     UnsignedBig(decoder.read_long8()?)
                 }
+                Type::SLONG8 => {
+                    decoder.goto_offset(self.r(bo).read_u32()?)?;
+                    SignedBig(decoder.read_slong8()?)
+                }
                 Type::DOUBLE => {
                     decoder.goto_offset(self.r(bo).read_u32()?)?;
                     Double(decoder.read_double()?)
@@ -408,6 +431,11 @@ impl Entry {
                     decoder.goto_offset(self.r(bo).read_u32()?)?;
                     SRational(decoder.read_slong()?, decoder.read_slong()?)
                 }
+                Type::IFD => Ifd(self.r(bo).read_u32()?),
+                Type::IFD8 => {
+                    decoder.goto_offset(self.r(bo).read_u32()?)?;
+                    IfdBig(decoder.read_long8()?)
+                }
                 Type::__NonExhaustive => unreachable!(),
             });
         }
@@ -420,9 +448,13 @@ impl Entry {
                 Type::ASCII => {
                     let mut buf = vec![0; self.count as usize];
                     self.r(bo).read_exact(&mut buf)?;
-                    let v = String::from_utf8(buf)?;
-                    let v = v.trim_matches(char::from(0));
-                    return Ok(Ascii(v.into()));
+                    if buf.is_ascii() && buf.ends_with(&[0]) {
+                        let v = str::from_utf8(&buf)?;
+                        let v = v.trim_matches(char::from(0));
+                        return Ok(Ascii(v.into()));
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InvalidTag));
+                    }
                 }
                 Type::UNDEFINED => {
                     return Ok(List(
@@ -472,7 +504,22 @@ impl Entry {
                     }
                     return Ok(List(v));
                 }
-                Type::LONG8 | Type::RATIONAL | Type::SRATIONAL | Type::DOUBLE => unreachable!(),
+                Type::IFD => {
+                    let mut r = self.r(bo);
+                    let mut v = Vec::new();
+                    for _ in 0..self.count {
+                        v.push(Ifd(r.read_u32()?));
+                    }
+                    return Ok(List(v));
+                }
+                Type::LONG8
+                | Type::SLONG8
+                | Type::RATIONAL
+                | Type::SRATIONAL
+                | Type::DOUBLE
+                | Type::IFD8 => {
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
                 Type::__NonExhaustive => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
@@ -514,6 +561,15 @@ impl Entry {
             Type::LONG8 => self.decode_offset(self.count, bo, limits, decoder, |decoder| {
                 Ok(UnsignedBig(decoder.read_long8()?))
             }),
+            Type::SLONG8 => self.decode_offset(self.count, bo, limits, decoder, |decoder| {
+                Ok(SignedBig(decoder.read_slong8()?))
+            }),
+            Type::IFD => self.decode_offset(self.count, bo, limits, decoder, |decoder| {
+                Ok(Ifd(decoder.read_long()?))
+            }),
+            Type::IFD8 => self.decode_offset(self.count, bo, limits, decoder, |decoder| {
+                Ok(IfdBig(decoder.read_long8()?))
+            }),
             Type::UNDEFINED => self.decode_offset(self.count, bo, limits, decoder, |decoder| {
                 Ok(Byte(u8::from(decoder.read_byte()?)))
             }),

src/decoder/stream.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 //! All IO functionality needed for TIFF decoding
 
-use crate::bytecast;
-use crate::error::{TiffError, TiffResult};
-use miniz_oxide::inflate;
 use std::io::{self, Read, Seek};
 
 /// Byte order of the TIFF file.
@@ -30,22 +27,15 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Reads an i8
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn read_u16_into(&mut self, buffer: &mut [u16]) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        self.read_exact(bytecast::u16_as_ne_mut_bytes(buffer))?;
-        match self.byte_order() {
-            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u16::from_le(*n);
-                }
-            }
-            ByteOrder::BigEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u16::from_be(*n);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
+    fn read_i8(&mut self) -> Result<i8, io::Error> {
+        let mut n = [0u8; 1];
+        self.read_exact(&mut n)?;
+        Ok(match self.byte_order() {
+            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => i8::from_le_bytes(n),
+            ByteOrder::BigEndian => i8::from_be_bytes(n),
+        })
     }
 
     /// Reads an i16
@@ -70,24 +60,6 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
         })
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn read_u32_into(&mut self, buffer: &mut [u32]) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        self.read_exact(bytecast::u32_as_ne_mut_bytes(buffer))?;
-        match self.byte_order() {
-            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u32::from_le(*n);
-                }
-            }
-            ByteOrder::BigEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u32::from_be(*n);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Reads an i32
     #[inline(always)]
     fn read_i32(&mut self) -> Result<i32, io::Error> {
@@ -110,22 +82,15 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Reads an i64
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn read_u64_into(&mut self, buffer: &mut [u64]) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        self.read_exact(bytecast::u64_as_ne_mut_bytes(buffer))?;
-        match self.byte_order() {
-            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u64::from_le(*n);
-                }
-            }
-            ByteOrder::BigEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = u64::from_be(*n);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
+    fn read_i64(&mut self) -> Result<i64, io::Error> {
+        let mut n = [0u8; 8];
+        self.read_exact(&mut n)?;
+        Ok(match self.byte_order() {
+            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => i64::from_le_bytes(n),
+            ByteOrder::BigEndian => i64::from_be_bytes(n),
+        })
     }
 
     /// Reads an f32
@@ -139,24 +104,6 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn read_f32_into(&mut self, buffer: &mut [f32]) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        self.read_exact(bytecast::f32_as_ne_mut_bytes(buffer))?;
-        match self.byte_order() {
-            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = f32::from_bits(u32::from_le(n.to_bits()));
-                }
-            }
-            ByteOrder::BigEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = f32::from_bits(u32::from_be(n.to_bits()));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Reads an f64
     #[inline(always)]
     fn read_f64(&mut self) -> Result<f64, io::Error> {
@@ -167,24 +114,6 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
             ByteOrder::BigEndian => u64::from_be_bytes(n),
         }))
     }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn read_f64_into(&mut self, buffer: &mut [f64]) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        self.read_exact(bytecast::f64_as_ne_mut_bytes(buffer))?;
-        match self.byte_order() {
-            ByteOrder::LittleEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = f64::from_bits(u64::from_le(n.to_bits()));
-                }
-            }
-            ByteOrder::BigEndian => {
-                for n in buffer {
-                    *n = f64::from_bits(u64::from_be(n.to_bits()));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
 ///
@@ -195,51 +124,7 @@ pub trait EndianReader: Read {
 /// ## Deflate Reader
 ///
 
-/// Reader that decompresses DEFLATE streams
-pub struct DeflateReader {
-    buffer: io::Cursor<Vec<u8>>,
-    byte_order: ByteOrder,
-}
-
-impl DeflateReader {
-    pub fn new<R: Read + Seek>(
-        reader: &mut SmartReader<R>,
-        max_uncompressed_length: usize,
-    ) -> TiffResult<(usize, Self)> {
-        let byte_order = reader.byte_order;
-        let mut compressed = Vec::new();
-        reader.read_to_end(&mut compressed)?;
-
-        // TODO: Implement streaming compression, and remove this (temporary) and somewhat
-        // misleading workaround.
-        if compressed.len() > max_uncompressed_length {
-            return Err(TiffError::LimitsExceeded);
-        }
-
-        let uncompressed =
-            inflate::decompress_to_vec_zlib(&compressed).map_err(TiffError::from_inflate_status)?;
-
-        Ok((
-            uncompressed.len(),
-            Self {
-                byte_order,
-                buffer: io::Cursor::new(uncompressed),
-            },
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Read for DeflateReader {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.buffer.read(buf)
-    }
-}
-
-impl EndianReader for DeflateReader {
-    fn byte_order(&self) -> ByteOrder {
-        self.byte_order
-    }
-}
+pub type DeflateReader<'r, R> = flate2::read::ZlibDecoder<&'r mut SmartReader<R>>;
 
 ///
 /// ## LZW Reader
@@ -248,7 +133,6 @@ impl EndianReader for DeflateReader {
 /// Reader that decompresses LZW streams
 pub struct LZWReader {
     buffer: io::Cursor<Vec<u8>>,
-    byte_order: ByteOrder,
 }
 
 impl LZWReader {
@@ -261,25 +145,21 @@ impl LZWReader {
     where
         R: Read + Seek,
     {
-        let order = reader.byte_order;
         let mut compressed = vec![0; compressed_length as usize];
         reader.read_exact(&mut compressed[..])?;
-        let mut uncompressed = Vec::with_capacity(max_uncompressed_length);
+        let mut uncompressed = vec![0; max_uncompressed_length];
         let mut decoder = weezl::decode::Decoder::with_tiff_size_switch(weezl::BitOrder::Msb, 8);
+
         let mut bytes_read = 0;
+        let mut bytes_written = 0;
 
-        while uncompressed.len() < max_uncompressed_length {
-            let bytes_written = uncompressed.len();
-            uncompressed.reserve(1 << 12);
-            let buffer_space = uncompressed.capacity().min(max_uncompressed_length);
-            uncompressed.resize(buffer_space, 0u8);
-
+        while bytes_written < max_uncompressed_length {
             let result = decoder.decode_bytes(
                 &compressed[bytes_read..],
                 &mut uncompressed[bytes_written..],
             );
             bytes_read += result.consumed_in;
-            uncompressed.truncate(bytes_written + result.consumed_out);
+            bytes_written += result.consumed_out;
 
             match result.status {
                 Ok(weezl::LzwStatus::Ok) => {}
@@ -294,12 +174,11 @@ impl LZWReader {
             }
         }
 
-        let bytes = uncompressed.len();
+        uncompressed.resize(bytes_written, 0);
         Ok((
-            bytes,
+            uncompressed.len(),
             LZWReader {
                 buffer: io::Cursor::new(uncompressed),
-                byte_order: order,
             },
         ))
     }
@@ -312,20 +191,12 @@ impl Read for LZWReader {
     }
 }
 
-impl EndianReader for LZWReader {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn byte_order(&self) -> ByteOrder {
-        self.byte_order
-    }
-}
-
 ///
 /// ## JPEG Reader (for "new-style" JPEG format (TIFF compression tag 7))
 ///
 
 pub(crate) struct JpegReader {
     buffer: io::Cursor<Vec<u8>>,
-    byte_order: ByteOrder,
 }
 impl JpegReader {
     /// Constructs new JpegReader wrapping a SmartReader.
@@ -348,8 +219,6 @@ impl JpegReader {
     where
         R: Read + Seek,
     {
-        let order = reader.byte_order;
-
         // Read jpeg image data
         let mut segment = vec![0; length as usize];
         reader.read_exact(&mut segment[..])?;
@@ -359,16 +228,14 @@ impl JpegReader {
                 let mut jpeg_data = tables.clone();
                 let truncated_length = jpeg_data.len() - 2;
                 jpeg_data.truncate(truncated_length);
-                jpeg_data.extend_from_slice(&mut segment[2..]);
+                jpeg_data.extend_from_slice(&segment[2..]);
 
                 Ok(JpegReader {
                     buffer: io::Cursor::new(jpeg_data),
-                    byte_order: order,
                 })
             }
             None => Ok(JpegReader {
                 buffer: io::Cursor::new(segment),
-                byte_order: order,
             }),
         }
     }
@@ -381,13 +248,6 @@ impl Read for JpegReader {
     }
 }
 
-impl EndianReader for JpegReader {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn byte_order(&self) -> ByteOrder {
-        self.byte_order
-    }
-}
-
 ///
 /// ## PackBits Reader
 ///
@@ -395,58 +255,46 @@ impl EndianReader for JpegReader {
 /// Reader that unpacks Apple's `PackBits` format
 pub struct PackBitsReader {
     buffer: io::Cursor<Vec<u8>>,
-    byte_order: ByteOrder,
 }
 
 impl PackBitsReader {
     /// Wraps a reader
     pub fn new<R: Read + Seek>(
         mut reader: R,
-        byte_order: ByteOrder,
         length: usize,
     ) -> io::Result<(usize, PackBitsReader)> {
         let mut buffer = Vec::new();
-        let mut read: usize = 0;
-        while read < length {
-            let lread = read_packbits_run(&mut reader, &mut buffer)?;
-            if lread == 0 {
-                return Err(io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof.into());
-            }
-            read += lread;
-        }
-        Ok((
-            buffer.len(),
-            PackBitsReader {
-                buffer: io::Cursor::new(buffer),
-                byte_order,
-            },
-        ))
-    }
-}
+        let mut header: [u8; 1] = [0];
+        let mut data: [u8; 1] = [0];
 
-fn read_packbits_run<R: Read + Seek>(reader: &mut R, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
-    let mut header: [u8; 1] = [0];
+        let mut bytes_read = 0;
+        while bytes_read < length {
+            reader.read_exact(&mut header)?;
+            bytes_read += 1;
 
-    let bytes = reader.read(&mut header)?;
-
-    match bytes {
-        0 => Ok(0),
-        _ => match header[0] as i8 {
-            -128 => Ok(1),
-            h if h >= -127 && h <= -1 => {
+            let h = header[0] as i8;
+            if h >= -127 && h <= -1 {
                 let new_len = buffer.len() + (1 - h as isize) as usize;
-                reader.read_exact(&mut header)?;
-                buffer.resize(new_len, header[0]);
-                Ok(2)
-            }
-            h => {
+                reader.read_exact(&mut data)?;
+                buffer.resize(new_len, data[0]);
+                bytes_read += 1;
+            } else if h >= 0 {
                 let num_vals = h as usize + 1;
                 let start = buffer.len();
                 buffer.resize(start + num_vals, 0);
                 reader.read_exact(&mut buffer[start..])?;
-                Ok(num_vals + 1)
+                bytes_read += num_vals
+            } else {
+                // h = -128 is a no-op.
             }
-        },
+        }
+
+        Ok((
+            buffer.len(),
+            PackBitsReader {
+                buffer: io::Cursor::new(buffer),
+            },
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -457,13 +305,6 @@ impl Read for PackBitsReader {
     }
 }
 
-impl EndianReader for PackBitsReader {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn byte_order(&self) -> ByteOrder {
-        self.byte_order
-    }
-}
-
 ///
 /// ## SmartReader Reader
 ///
@@ -472,7 +313,7 @@ impl EndianReader for PackBitsReader {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct SmartReader<R>
 where
-    R: Read + Seek,
+    R: Read,
 {
     reader: R,
     pub byte_order: ByteOrder,
@@ -480,7 +321,7 @@ where
 
 impl<R> SmartReader<R>
 where
-    R: Read + Seek,
+    R: Read,
 {
     /// Wraps a reader
     pub fn wrap(reader: R, byte_order: ByteOrder) -> SmartReader<R> {
@@ -490,7 +331,7 @@ where
 
 impl<R> EndianReader for SmartReader<R>
 where
-    R: Read + Seek,
+    R: Read,
 {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn byte_order(&self) -> ByteOrder {
@@ -498,7 +339,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Read + Seek> Read for SmartReader<R> {
+impl<R: Read> Read for SmartReader<R> {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         self.reader.read(buf)
@@ -525,8 +366,7 @@ mod test {
         let encoded_len = encoded.len();
 
         let buff = io::Cursor::new(encoded);
-        let (_, mut decoder) =
-            PackBitsReader::new(buff, ByteOrder::LittleEndian, encoded_len).unwrap();
+        let (_, mut decoder) = PackBitsReader::new(buff, encoded_len).unwrap();
 
         let mut decoded = Vec::new();
         decoder.read_to_end(&mut decoded).unwrap();

src/encoder/mod.rs

@@ -1,402 +1,31 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-use std::io::{Seek, Write};
-use std::{cmp, io, mem};
+pub use tiff_value::*;
 
-use crate::bytecast;
-use crate::error::{TiffError, TiffFormatError, TiffResult};
-use crate::tags::{self, ResolutionUnit, Tag, Type};
+use std::{
+    cmp,
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
+    io::{self, Seek, Write},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    mem,
+    num::TryFromIntError,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    error::TiffResult,
+    tags::{self, ResolutionUnit, Tag},
+};
 
 pub mod colortype;
+mod tiff_value;
 mod writer;
 
 use self::colortype::*;
 use self::writer::*;
 
-/// Type to represent tiff values of type `RATIONAL`
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Rational {
-    pub n: u32,
-    pub d: u32,
-}
-
-/// Type to represent tiff values of type `SRATIONAL`
-pub struct SRational {
-    pub n: i32,
-    pub d: i32,
-}
-
-/// Trait for types that can be encoded in a tiff file
-pub trait TiffValue {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type;
-    fn count(&self) -> u32;
-    fn bytes(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.count() * Self::BYTE_LEN
-    }
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()>;
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [u8] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 1;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::BYTE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_bytes(self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [i8] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 1;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SBYTE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::i8_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [u16] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 2;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SHORT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::u16_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [i16] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 2;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SSHORT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::i16_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [u32] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::u32_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [i32] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::i32_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [u64] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG8;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let slice = bytecast::u64_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [f32] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::FLOAT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        // We write using nativeedian so this sould be safe
-        let slice = bytecast::f32_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [f64] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::DOUBLE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        // We write using nativeedian so this sould be safe
-        let slice = bytecast::f64_as_ne_bytes(self);
-        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [Rational] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::RATIONAL;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        for x in self {
-            x.write(writer)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for [SRational] {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SRATIONAL;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        for x in self {
-            x.write(writer)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for u8 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 1;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::BYTE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_u8(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for i8 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 1;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SBYTE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_i8(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for u16 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 2;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SHORT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_u16(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for i16 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 2;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SSHORT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_i16(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for u32 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_u32(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for i32 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_i32(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for u64 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG8;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_u64(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for f32 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 4;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::FLOAT;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_f32(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for f64 {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::DOUBLE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_f64(*self)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for Rational {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::RATIONAL;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_u32(self.n)?;
-        writer.write_u32(self.d)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for SRational {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 8;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SRATIONAL;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        writer.write_i32(self.n)?;
-        writer.write_i32(self.d)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffValue for str {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = 1;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::ASCII;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.len() as u32 + 1
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        if self.is_ascii() && !self.bytes().any(|b| b == 0) {
-            writer.write_bytes(self.as_bytes())?;
-            writer.write_u8(0)?;
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InvalidTag))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, T: TiffValue + ?Sized> TiffValue for &'a T {
-    const BYTE_LEN: u32 = T::BYTE_LEN;
-    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = T::FIELD_TYPE;
-
-    fn count(&self) -> u32 {
-        (*self).count()
-    }
-
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        (*self).write(writer)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Tiff encoder.
+/// Encoder for Tiff and BigTiff files.
 ///
 /// With this type you can get a `DirectoryEncoder` or a `ImageEncoder`
-/// to encode tiff ifd directories with images.
+/// to encode Tiff/BigTiff ifd directories with images.
 ///
 /// See `DirectoryEncoder` and `ImageEncoder`.
 ///
@@ -408,39 +37,68 @@ impl<'a, T: TiffValue + ?Sized> TiffValue for &'a T {
 /// # let image_data = vec![0; 100*100*3];
 /// use tiff::encoder::*;
 ///
+/// // create a standard Tiff file
 /// let mut tiff = TiffEncoder::new(&mut file).unwrap();
-///
 /// tiff.write_image::<colortype::RGB8>(100, 100, &image_data).unwrap();
+///
+/// // create a BigTiff file
+/// let mut bigtiff = TiffEncoder::new_big(&mut file).unwrap();
+/// bigtiff.write_image::<colortype::RGB8>(100, 100, &image_data).unwrap();
+///
 /// # }
 /// ```
-pub struct TiffEncoder<W> {
+pub struct TiffEncoder<W, K: TiffKind = TiffKindStandard> {
     writer: TiffWriter<W>,
+    kind: PhantomData<K>,
 }
 
+/// Constructor functions to create standard Tiff files.
 impl<W: Write + Seek> TiffEncoder<W> {
-    pub fn new(writer: W) -> TiffResult<TiffEncoder<W>> {
+    /// Creates a new encoder for standard Tiff files.
+    ///
+    /// To create BigTiff files, use [`new_big`][TiffEncoder::new_big] or
+    /// [`new_generic`][TiffEncoder::new_generic].
+    pub fn new(writer: W) -> TiffResult<TiffEncoder<W, TiffKindStandard>> {
+        TiffEncoder::new_generic(writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Constructor functions to create BigTiff files.
+impl<W: Write + Seek> TiffEncoder<W, TiffKindBig> {
+    /// Creates a new encoder for BigTiff files.
+    ///
+    /// To create standard Tiff files, use [`new`][TiffEncoder::new] or
+    /// [`new_generic`][TiffEncoder::new_generic].
+    pub fn new_big(writer: W) -> TiffResult<Self> {
+        TiffEncoder::new_generic(writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Generic functions that are available for both Tiff and BigTiff encoders.
+impl<W: Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> TiffEncoder<W, K> {
+    /// Creates a new Tiff or BigTiff encoder, inferred from the return type.
+    pub fn new_generic(writer: W) -> TiffResult<Self> {
         let mut encoder = TiffEncoder {
             writer: TiffWriter::new(writer),
+            kind: PhantomData,
         };
 
-        write_tiff_header(&mut encoder.writer)?;
-        // blank the IFD offset location
-        encoder.writer.write_u32(0)?;
+        K::write_header(&mut encoder.writer)?;
 
         Ok(encoder)
     }
 
-    /// Create a `DirectoryEncoder` to encode an ifd directory.
-    pub fn new_directory(&mut self) -> TiffResult<DirectoryEncoder<W>> {
+    /// Create a [`DirectoryEncoder`] to encode an ifd directory.
+    pub fn new_directory(&mut self) -> TiffResult<DirectoryEncoder<W, K>> {
         DirectoryEncoder::new(&mut self.writer)
     }
 
-    /// Create an 'ImageEncoder' to encode an image one slice at a time.
+    /// Create an [`ImageEncoder`] to encode an image one slice at a time.
     pub fn new_image<C: ColorType>(
         &mut self,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
-    ) -> TiffResult<ImageEncoder<W, C>> {
+    ) -> TiffResult<ImageEncoder<W, C, K>> {
         let encoder = DirectoryEncoder::new(&mut self.writer)?;
         ImageEncoder::new(encoder, width, height)
     }
@@ -456,7 +114,7 @@ impl<W: Write + Seek> TiffEncoder<W> {
         [C::Inner]: TiffValue,
     {
         let encoder = DirectoryEncoder::new(&mut self.writer)?;
-        let image: ImageEncoder<W, C> = ImageEncoder::new(encoder, width, height)?;
+        let image: ImageEncoder<W, C, K> = ImageEncoder::new(encoder, width, height)?;
         image.write_data(data)
     }
 }
@@ -465,19 +123,19 @@ impl<W: Write + Seek> TiffEncoder<W> {
 ///
 /// You should call `finish` on this when you are finished with it.
 /// Encoding can silently fail while this is dropping.
-pub struct DirectoryEncoder<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> {
+pub struct DirectoryEncoder<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> {
     writer: &'a mut TiffWriter<W>,
     dropped: bool,
     // We use BTreeMap to make sure tags are written in correct order
     ifd_pointer_pos: u64,
-    ifd: BTreeMap<u16, (u16, u32, Vec<u8>)>,
+    ifd: BTreeMap<u16, DirectoryEntry<K::OffsetType>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
-    fn new(writer: &'a mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<DirectoryEncoder<'a, W>> {
+impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K> {
+    fn new(writer: &'a mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<Self> {
         // the previous word is the IFD offset position
-        let ifd_pointer_pos = writer.offset() - mem::size_of::<u32>() as u64;
-        writer.pad_word_boundary()?;
+        let ifd_pointer_pos = writer.offset() - mem::size_of::<K::OffsetType>() as u64;
+        writer.pad_word_boundary()?; // TODO: Do we need to adjust this for BigTiff?
         Ok(DirectoryEncoder {
             writer,
             dropped: false,
@@ -488,8 +146,7 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
 
     /// Write a single ifd tag.
     pub fn write_tag<T: TiffValue>(&mut self, tag: Tag, value: T) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        let len = <T>::BYTE_LEN * value.count();
-        let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(usize::try_from(len)?);
+        let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(value.bytes());
         {
             let mut writer = TiffWriter::new(&mut bytes);
             value.write(&mut writer)?;
@@ -497,7 +154,11 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
 
         self.ifd.insert(
             tag.to_u16(),
-            (<T>::FIELD_TYPE.to_u16(), value.count(), bytes),
+            DirectoryEntry {
+                data_type: <T>::FIELD_TYPE.to_u16(),
+                count: value.count().try_into()?,
+                data: bytes,
+            },
         );
 
         Ok(())
@@ -505,15 +166,21 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
 
     fn write_directory(&mut self) -> TiffResult<u64> {
         // Start by writing out all values
-        for &mut (_, _, ref mut bytes) in self.ifd.values_mut() {
-            if bytes.len() > 4 {
+        for &mut DirectoryEntry {
+            data: ref mut bytes,
+            ..
+        } in self.ifd.values_mut()
+        {
+            let data_bytes = mem::size_of::<K::OffsetType>();
+
+            if bytes.len() > data_bytes {
                 let offset = self.writer.offset();
                 self.writer.write_bytes(bytes)?;
-                *bytes = vec![0, 0, 0, 0];
+                *bytes = vec![0; data_bytes];
                 let mut writer = TiffWriter::new(bytes as &mut [u8]);
-                writer.write_u32(u32::try_from(offset)?)?;
+                K::write_offset(&mut writer, offset)?;
             } else {
-                while bytes.len() < 4 {
+                while bytes.len() < data_bytes {
                     bytes.push(0);
                 }
             }
@@ -521,11 +188,19 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
 
         let offset = self.writer.offset();
 
-        self.writer.write_u16(u16::try_from(self.ifd.len())?)?;
-        for (tag, &(ref field_type, ref count, ref offset)) in self.ifd.iter() {
+        K::write_entry_count(&mut self.writer, self.ifd.len())?;
+        for (
+            tag,
+            &DirectoryEntry {
+                data_type: ref field_type,
+                ref count,
+                data: ref offset,
+            },
+        ) in self.ifd.iter()
+        {
             self.writer.write_u16(*tag)?;
             self.writer.write_u16(*field_type)?;
-            self.writer.write_u32(*count)?;
+            (*count).write(&mut self.writer)?;
             self.writer.write_bytes(offset)?;
         }
 
@@ -546,9 +221,9 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
         let curr_pos = self.writer.offset();
 
         self.writer.goto_offset(self.ifd_pointer_pos)?;
-        self.writer.write_u32(u32::try_from(ifd_pointer)?)?;
+        K::write_offset(&mut self.writer, ifd_pointer)?;
         self.writer.goto_offset(curr_pos)?;
-        self.writer.write_u32(0)?;
+        K::write_offset(&mut self.writer, 0)?;
 
         self.dropped = true;
 
@@ -561,7 +236,7 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, W: Write + Seek> Drop for DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
+impl<'a, W: Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> Drop for DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         if !self.dropped {
             let _ = self.finish_internal();
@@ -602,26 +277,22 @@ impl<'a, W: Write + Seek> Drop for DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// You can also call write_data function wich will encode by strip and finish
-pub struct ImageEncoder<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, C: ColorType> {
-    encoder: DirectoryEncoder<'a, W>,
+pub struct ImageEncoder<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, C: ColorType, K: TiffKind> {
+    encoder: DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K>,
     strip_idx: u64,
     strip_count: u64,
     row_samples: u64,
     width: u32,
     height: u32,
     rows_per_strip: u64,
-    strip_offsets: Vec<u32>,
-    strip_byte_count: Vec<u32>,
+    strip_offsets: Vec<K::OffsetType>,
+    strip_byte_count: Vec<K::OffsetType>,
     dropped: bool,
     _phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData<C>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, T: ColorType> ImageEncoder<'a, W, T> {
-    fn new(
-        mut encoder: DirectoryEncoder<'a, W>,
-        width: u32,
-        height: u32,
-    ) -> TiffResult<ImageEncoder<'a, W, T>> {
+impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, T: ColorType, K: TiffKind> ImageEncoder<'a, W, T, K> {
+    fn new(mut encoder: DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K>, width: u32, height: u32) -> TiffResult<Self> {
         let row_samples = u64::from(width) * u64::try_from(<T>::BITS_PER_SAMPLE.len())?;
         let row_bytes = row_samples * u64::from(<T::Inner>::BYTE_LEN);
 
@@ -694,8 +365,8 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, T: ColorType> ImageEncoder<'a, W, T> {
         }
 
         let offset = self.encoder.write_data(value)?;
-        self.strip_offsets.push(u32::try_from(offset)?);
-        self.strip_byte_count.push(value.bytes());
+        self.strip_offsets.push(K::convert_offset(offset)?);
+        self.strip_byte_count.push(value.bytes().try_into()?);
 
         self.strip_idx += 1;
         Ok(())
@@ -783,16 +454,18 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, T: ColorType> ImageEncoder<'a, W, T> {
 
     fn finish_internal(&mut self) -> TiffResult<()> {
         self.encoder
-            .write_tag(Tag::StripOffsets, &*self.strip_offsets)?;
-        self.encoder
-            .write_tag(Tag::StripByteCounts, &*self.strip_byte_count)?;
+            .write_tag(Tag::StripOffsets, K::convert_slice(&self.strip_offsets))?;
+        self.encoder.write_tag(
+            Tag::StripByteCounts,
+            K::convert_slice(&self.strip_byte_count),
+        )?;
         self.dropped = true;
 
         self.encoder.finish_internal()
     }
 
     /// Get a reference of the underlying `DirectoryEncoder`
-    pub fn encoder(&mut self) -> &mut DirectoryEncoder<'a, W> {
+    pub fn encoder(&mut self) -> &mut DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K> {
         &mut self.encoder
     }
 
@@ -802,10 +475,127 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, T: ColorType> ImageEncoder<'a, W, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, W: Write + Seek, C: ColorType> Drop for ImageEncoder<'a, W, C> {
+impl<'a, W: Write + Seek, C: ColorType, K: TiffKind> Drop for ImageEncoder<'a, W, C, K> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         if !self.dropped {
             let _ = self.finish_internal();
         }
     }
 }
+
+struct DirectoryEntry<S> {
+    data_type: u16,
+    count: S,
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Trait to abstract over Tiff/BigTiff differences.
+///
+/// Implemented for [`TiffKindStandard`] and [`TiffKindBig`].
+pub trait TiffKind {
+    /// The type of offset fields, `u32` for normal Tiff, `u64` for BigTiff.
+    type OffsetType: TryFrom<usize, Error = TryFromIntError> + Into<u64> + TiffValue;
+
+    /// Needed for the `convert_slice` method.
+    type OffsetArrayType: ?Sized + TiffValue;
+
+    /// Write the (Big)Tiff header.
+    fn write_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()>;
+
+    /// Convert a file offset to `Self::OffsetType`.
+    ///
+    /// This returns an error for normal Tiff if the offset is larger than `u32::MAX`.
+    fn convert_offset(offset: u64) -> TiffResult<Self::OffsetType>;
+
+    /// Write an offset value to the given writer.
+    ///
+    /// Like `convert_offset`, this errors if `offset > u32::MAX` for normal Tiff.
+    fn write_offset<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, offset: u64) -> TiffResult<()>;
+
+    /// Write the IFD entry count field with the given `count` value.
+    ///
+    /// The entry count field is an `u16` for normal Tiff and `u64` for BigTiff. Errors
+    /// if the given `usize` is larger than the representable values.
+    fn write_entry_count<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, count: usize) -> TiffResult<()>;
+
+    /// Internal helper method for satisfying Rust's type checker.
+    ///
+    /// The `TiffValue` trait is implemented for both primitive values (e.g. `u8`, `u32`) and
+    /// slices of primitive values (e.g. `[u8]`, `[u32]`). However, this is not represented in
+    /// the type system, so there is no guarantee that that for all `T: TiffValue` there is also
+    /// an implementation of `TiffValue` for `[T]`. This method works around that problem by
+    /// providing a conversion from `[T]` to some value that implements `TiffValue`, thereby
+    /// making all slices of `OffsetType` usable with `write_tag` and similar methods.
+    ///
+    /// Implementations of this trait should always set `OffsetArrayType` to `[OffsetType]`.
+    fn convert_slice(slice: &[Self::OffsetType]) -> &Self::OffsetArrayType;
+}
+
+/// Create a standard Tiff file.
+pub struct TiffKindStandard;
+
+impl TiffKind for TiffKindStandard {
+    type OffsetType = u32;
+    type OffsetArrayType = [u32];
+
+    fn write_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        write_tiff_header(writer)?;
+        // blank the IFD offset location
+        writer.write_u32(0)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn convert_offset(offset: u64) -> TiffResult<Self::OffsetType> {
+        Ok(Self::OffsetType::try_from(offset)?)
+    }
+
+    fn write_offset<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, offset: u64) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u32(u32::try_from(offset)?)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_entry_count<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, count: usize) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u16(u16::try_from(count)?)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn convert_slice(slice: &[Self::OffsetType]) -> &Self::OffsetArrayType {
+        slice
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a BigTiff file.
+pub struct TiffKindBig;
+
+impl TiffKind for TiffKindBig {
+    type OffsetType = u64;
+    type OffsetArrayType = [u64];
+
+    fn write_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        write_bigtiff_header(writer)?;
+        // blank the IFD offset location
+        writer.write_u64(0)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn convert_offset(offset: u64) -> TiffResult<Self::OffsetType> {
+        Ok(offset)
+    }
+
+    fn write_offset<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, offset: u64) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u64(offset)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_entry_count<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>, count: usize) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u64(u64::try_from(count)?)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn convert_slice(slice: &[Self::OffsetType]) -> &Self::OffsetArrayType {
+        slice
+    }
+}

src/encoder/tiff_value.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::{bytecast, tags::Type, TiffError, TiffFormatError, TiffResult};
+
+use super::writer::TiffWriter;
+
+/// Trait for types that can be encoded in a tiff file
+pub trait TiffValue {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type;
+    fn count(&self) -> usize;
+    fn bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.count() * usize::from(Self::BYTE_LEN)
+    }
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()>;
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [u8] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 1;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::BYTE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_bytes(self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [i8] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 1;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SBYTE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::i8_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [u16] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 2;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SHORT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::u16_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [i16] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 2;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SSHORT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::i16_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [u32] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::u32_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [i32] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::i32_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [u64] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::u64_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [i64] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        let slice = bytecast::i64_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [f32] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::FLOAT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        // We write using nativeedian so this sould be safe
+        let slice = bytecast::f32_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [f64] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::DOUBLE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        // We write using nativeedian so this sould be safe
+        let slice = bytecast::f64_as_ne_bytes(self);
+        writer.write_bytes(slice)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [Ifd] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::IFD;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        for x in self {
+            x.write(writer)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [Ifd8] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::IFD8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        for x in self {
+            x.write(writer)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [Rational] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::RATIONAL;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        for x in self {
+            x.write(writer)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for [SRational] {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SRATIONAL;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        for x in self {
+            x.write(writer)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for u8 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 1;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::BYTE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u8(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for i8 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 1;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SBYTE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_i8(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for u16 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 2;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SHORT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u16(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for i16 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 2;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SSHORT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_i16(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for u32 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u32(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for i32 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_i32(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for u64 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::LONG8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u64(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for i64 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SLONG8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_i64(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for f32 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::FLOAT;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_f32(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for f64 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::DOUBLE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_f64(*self)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for Ifd {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 4;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::IFD;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u32(self.0)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for Ifd8 {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::IFD8;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u64(self.0)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for Rational {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::RATIONAL;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_u32(self.n)?;
+        writer.write_u32(self.d)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for SRational {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 8;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::SRATIONAL;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        writer.write_i32(self.n)?;
+        writer.write_i32(self.d)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TiffValue for str {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = 1;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = Type::ASCII;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len() + 1
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        if self.is_ascii() && !self.bytes().any(|b| b == 0) {
+            writer.write_bytes(self.as_bytes())?;
+            writer.write_u8(0)?;
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InvalidTag))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: TiffValue + ?Sized> TiffValue for &'a T {
+    const BYTE_LEN: u8 = T::BYTE_LEN;
+    const FIELD_TYPE: Type = T::FIELD_TYPE;
+
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        (*self).count()
+    }
+
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+        (*self).write(writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Type to represent tiff values of type `IFD`
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Ifd(pub u32);
+
+/// Type to represent tiff values of type `IFD8`
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Ifd8(pub u64);
+
+/// Type to represent tiff values of type `RATIONAL`
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Rational {
+    pub n: u32,
+    pub d: u32,
+}
+
+/// Type to represent tiff values of type `SRATIONAL`
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SRational {
+    pub n: i32,
+    pub d: i32,
+}

src/encoder/writer.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,31 @@ pub fn write_tiff_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()>
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Writes a BigTiff header, excluding the IFD offset field.
+///
+/// Writes the byte order, version number, offset byte size, and zero constant fields. Does
+// _not_ write the offset to the first IFD, this should be done by the caller.
+pub fn write_bigtiff_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<()> {
+    #[cfg(target_endian = "little")]
+    let boi: u8 = 0x49;
+    #[cfg(not(target_endian = "little"))]
+    let boi: u8 = 0x4d;
+
+    // byte order indication
+    writer.writer.write_all(&[boi, boi])?;
+    // version number
+    writer.writer.write_all(&43u16.to_ne_bytes())?;
+    // bytesize of offsets (pointer size)
+    writer.writer.write_all(&8u16.to_ne_bytes())?;
+    // always 0
+    writer.writer.write_all(&0u16.to_ne_bytes())?;
+
+    // we wrote 8 bytes, so set the internal offset accordingly
+    writer.offset += 8;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub struct TiffWriter<W> {
     writer: W,
     offset: u64,
@@ -81,6 +106,13 @@ impl<W: Write> TiffWriter<W> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn write_i64(&mut self, n: i64) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+        self.writer.write_all(&n.to_ne_bytes())?;
+        self.offset += 8;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn write_f32(&mut self, n: f32) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         self.writer.write_all(&u32::to_ne_bytes(n.to_bits()))?;
         self.offset += 4;

src/error.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
+use std::str;
 use std::string;
 
-use crate::decoder::ifd::Value;
+use crate::decoder::{ifd::Value, ChunkType};
 use crate::tags::{
     CompressionMethod, PhotometricInterpretation, PlanarConfiguration, SampleFormat, Tag,
 };
 use crate::ColorType;
-use miniz_oxide::inflate::TINFLStatus;
 
 /// Tiff error kinds.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ pub enum TiffError {
     /// An integer conversion to or from a platform size failed, either due to
     /// limits of the platform size or limits of the format.
     IntSizeError,
+
+    /// The image does not support the requested operation
+    UsageError(UsageError),
 }
 
 /// The image is not formatted properly.
@@ -58,7 +61,6 @@ pub enum TiffFormatError {
     ByteExpected(Value),
     UnsignedIntegerExpected(Value),
     SignedIntegerExpected(Value),
-    InflateError(InflateError),
     Format(String),
     RequiredTagEmpty(Tag),
     #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -109,7 +111,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for TiffFormatError {
             SignedIntegerExpected(ref val) => {
                 write!(fmt, "Expected signed integer, {:?} found.", val)
             }
-            InflateError(_) => write!(fmt, "Failed to decode inflate data."),
             Format(ref val) => write!(fmt, "Invalid format: {:?}.", val),
             RequiredTagEmpty(ref val) => write!(fmt, "Required tag {:?} was empty.", val),
             __NonExhaustive => unreachable!(),
@@ -117,24 +118,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for TiffFormatError {
     }
 }
 
-/// Decompression failed due to faulty compressed data.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct InflateError {
-    status: TINFLStatus,
-}
-
-impl InflateError {
-    pub(crate) fn new(status: TINFLStatus) -> Self {
-        Self { status }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TiffError {
-    pub(crate) fn from_inflate_status(status: TINFLStatus) -> Self {
-        TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InflateError(InflateError::new(status)))
-    }
-}
-
 /// The Decoder does not support features required by the image.
 ///
 /// This only captures known failures for which the standard either does not require support or an
@@ -204,6 +187,29 @@ impl fmt::Display for TiffUnsupportedError {
     }
 }
 
+/// User attempted to use the Decoder in a way that is incompatible with a specific image.
+///
+/// For example: attempting to read a tile from a stripped image.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum UsageError {
+    InvalidChunkType(ChunkType, ChunkType),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for UsageError {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        use self::UsageError::*;
+        match *self {
+            InvalidChunkType(expected, actual) => {
+                write!(
+                    fmt,
+                    "Requested operation is only valid for images with chunk encoding of type: {:?}, got {:?}.",
+                    expected, actual
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Display for TiffError {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match *self {
@@ -217,6 +223,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for TiffError {
             TiffError::IoError(ref e) => e.fmt(fmt),
             TiffError::LimitsExceeded => write!(fmt, "The Decoder limits are exceeded"),
             TiffError::IntSizeError => write!(fmt, "Platform or format size limits exceeded"),
+            TiffError::UsageError(ref e) => write!(fmt, "Usage error: {}", e),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -229,6 +236,7 @@ impl Error for TiffError {
             TiffError::IoError(..) => "IO error",
             TiffError::LimitsExceeded => "Decoder limits exceeded",
             TiffError::IntSizeError => "Platform or format size limits exceeded",
+            TiffError::UsageError(..) => "Invalid usage",
         }
     }
 
@@ -246,6 +254,12 @@ impl From<io::Error> for TiffError {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<str::Utf8Error> for TiffError {
+    fn from(_err: str::Utf8Error) -> TiffError {
+        TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InvalidTag)
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<string::FromUtf8Error> for TiffError {
     fn from(_err: string::FromUtf8Error) -> TiffError {
         TiffError::FormatError(TiffFormatError::InvalidTag)

src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 //! * <https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html> - The TIFF specification
 
 extern crate jpeg;
-extern crate miniz_oxide;
 extern crate weezl;
 
 mod bytecast;
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ pub mod encoder;
 mod error;
 pub mod tags;
 
-pub use self::error::{InflateError, TiffError, TiffFormatError, TiffResult, TiffUnsupportedError};
+pub use self::error::{TiffError, TiffFormatError, TiffResult, TiffUnsupportedError, UsageError};
 
 /// An enumeration over supported color types and their bit depths
 #[derive(Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Hash)]

src/tags.rs

@@ -111,15 +111,18 @@ pub enum Tag(u16) unknown("A private or extension tag") {
     Threshholding = 263, // TODO add support
     XResolution = 282,
     YResolution = 283,
-    // JPEG
-    JPEGTables = 347,
     // Advanced tags
     Predictor = 317,
     TileWidth = 322,
     TileLength = 323,
     TileOffsets = 324,
     TileByteCounts = 325,
+    // Data Sample Format
     SampleFormat = 339,
+    SMinSampleValue = 340, // TODO add support
+    SMaxSampleValue = 341, // TODO add support
+    // JPEG
+    JPEGTables = 347,
     // GeoTIFF
     ModelPixelScaleTag = 33550, // (SoftDesk)
     ModelTransformationTag = 34264, // (JPL Carto Group)
@@ -134,20 +137,38 @@ pub enum Tag(u16) unknown("A private or extension tag") {
 tags! {
 /// The type of an IFD entry (a 2 byte field).
 pub enum Type(u16) {
+    /// 8-bit unsigned integer
     BYTE = 1,
+    /// 8-bit byte that contains a 7-bit ASCII code; the last byte must be zero
     ASCII = 2,
+    /// 16-bit unsigned integer
     SHORT = 3,
+    /// 32-bit unsigned integer
     LONG = 4,
+    /// Fraction stored as two 32-bit unsigned integers
     RATIONAL = 5,
+    /// 8-bit signed integer
     SBYTE = 6,
+    /// 8-bit byte that may contain anything, depending on the field
     UNDEFINED = 7,
+    /// 16-bit signed integer
     SSHORT = 8,
+    /// 32-bit signed integer
     SLONG = 9,
+    /// Fraction stored as two 32-bit signed integers
     SRATIONAL = 10,
+    /// 32-bit IEEE floating point
     FLOAT = 11,
+    /// 64-bit IEEE floating point
     DOUBLE = 12,
+    /// 32-bit unsigned integer (offset)
+    IFD = 13,
     /// BigTIFF 64-bit unsigned integer
     LONG8 = 16,
+    /// BigTIFF 64-bit signed integer
+    SLONG8 = 17,
+    /// BigTIFF 64-bit unsigned integer (offset)
+    IFD8 = 18,
 }
 }
 

tests/decode_images.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ macro_rules! test_image_sum {
 }
 
 test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_u8, U8, u64);
+test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_i8, I8, i64);
 test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_u16, U16, u64);
+test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_i16, I16, i64);
 test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_u32, U32, u64);
 test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_u64, U64, u64);
 test_image_sum!(test_image_sum_f32, F32, f32);
@@ -135,6 +137,26 @@ fn test_rgb_f32() {
     test_image_sum_f32("gradient-3c-32b-float.tiff", ColorType::RGB(32), 472.8405);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_int8() {
+    test_image_sum_i8("int8.tif", ColorType::Gray(8), 3111)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_int8_rgb() {
+    test_image_sum_i8("int8_rgb.tif", ColorType::RGB(8), -10344)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_int16() {
+    test_image_sum_i16("int16.tif", ColorType::Gray(16), 354396);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_int16_rgb() {
+    test_image_sum_i16("int16_rgb.tif", ColorType::RGB(16), 1063188);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_string_tags() {
     // these files have null-terminated strings for their Software tag. One has extra bytes after
@@ -193,3 +215,72 @@ fn issue_69() {
 //let img_res = decoder.read_image();
 //assert!(img_res.is_ok());
 //}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tiled_rgb_u8() {
+    test_image_sum_u8("tiled-rgb-u8.tif", ColorType::RGB(8), 39528948);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tiled_rect_rgb_u8() {
+    test_image_sum_u8("tiled-rect-rgb-u8.tif", ColorType::RGB(8), 62081032);
+}
+
+/* #[test]
+fn test_tiled_jpeg_rgb_u8() {
+    test_image_sum_u8("tiled-jpeg-rgb-u8.tif", ColorType::RGB(8), 93031606);
+} */
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tiled_oversize_gray_i8() {
+    test_image_sum_i8("tiled-oversize-gray-i8.tif", ColorType::Gray(8), 1214996);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tiled_cmyk_i8() {
+    test_image_sum_i8("tiled-cmyk-i8.tif", ColorType::CMYK(8), 1759101);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tiled_incremental() {
+    let file = "tiled-rgb-u8.tif";
+    let expected_type = ColorType::RGB(8);
+    let sums = [
+        188760, 195639, 108148, 81986, 665088, 366140, 705317, 423366, 172033, 324455, 244102,
+        81853, 181258, 247971, 129486, 55600, 565625, 422102, 730888, 379271, 232142, 292549,
+        244045, 86866, 188141, 115036, 150785, 84389, 353170, 459325, 719619, 329594, 278663,
+        220474, 243048, 113563, 189152, 109684, 179391, 122188, 279651, 622093, 724682, 302459,
+        268428, 204499, 224255, 124674, 170668, 121868, 192768, 183367, 378029, 585651, 657712,
+        296790, 241444, 197083, 198429, 134869, 182318, 86034, 203655, 182338, 297255, 601284,
+        633813, 242531, 228578, 206441, 193552, 125412, 181527, 165439, 202531, 159538, 268388,
+        565790, 611382, 272967, 236497, 215154, 158881, 90806, 106114, 182342, 191824, 186138,
+        215174, 393193, 701228, 198866, 227944, 193830, 166330, 49008, 55719, 122820, 197316,
+        161969, 203152, 170986, 624427, 188605, 186187, 111064, 115192, 39538, 48626, 163929,
+        144682, 135796, 194141, 154198, 584125, 180255, 153524, 121433, 132641, 35743, 47798,
+        152343, 162874, 167664, 160175, 133038, 659882, 138339, 166470, 124173, 118929, 51317,
+        45267, 155776, 161331, 161006, 130052, 137618, 337291, 106481, 161999, 127343, 87724,
+        59540, 63907, 155677, 140668, 141523, 108061, 168657, 186482, 98599, 147614, 139963, 90444,
+        56602, 92547, 125644, 134212, 126569, 144153, 179800, 174516, 133969, 129399, 117681,
+        83305, 55075, 110737, 115108, 128572, 128911, 130922, 179986, 143288, 145884, 155856,
+        96683, 94057, 56238, 79649, 71651, 70182, 75010, 77009, 98855, 78979, 74341, 83482, 53403,
+        59842, 30305,
+    ];
+
+    let path = PathBuf::from(TEST_IMAGE_DIR).join(file);
+    let img_file = File::open(path).expect("Cannot find test image!");
+    let mut decoder = Decoder::new(img_file).expect("Cannot create decoder");
+    assert_eq!(decoder.colortype().unwrap(), expected_type);
+
+    let tiles = decoder.tile_count().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(tiles as usize, sums.len());
+
+    for tile in 0..tiles {
+        match decoder.read_tile().unwrap() {
+            DecodingResult::U8(res) => {
+                let sum: u64 = res.into_iter().map(<u64>::from).sum();
+                assert_eq!(sum, sums[tile as usize]);
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Wrong bit depth"),
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/encode_images.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 extern crate tiff;
 
 use tiff::decoder::{ifd, Decoder, DecodingResult};
-use tiff::encoder::{colortype, SRational, TiffEncoder};
+use tiff::encoder::{colortype, Ifd, Ifd8, SRational, TiffEncoder};
 use tiff::tags::Tag;
 use tiff::ColorType;
 
@@ -48,6 +48,92 @@ fn encode_decode() {
     }
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn encode_decode_big() {
+    let mut image_data = Vec::new();
+    for x in 0..100 {
+        for y in 0..100u8 {
+            let val = x + y;
+            image_data.push(val);
+            image_data.push(val);
+            image_data.push(val);
+        }
+    }
+    let mut file = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+    {
+        let mut tiff = TiffEncoder::new_big(&mut file).unwrap();
+
+        let mut image = tiff.new_image::<colortype::RGB8>(100, 100).unwrap();
+        image
+            .encoder()
+            .write_tag(Tag::Artist, "Image-tiff")
+            .unwrap();
+        image.write_data(&image_data).unwrap();
+    }
+    {
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)).unwrap();
+        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&mut file).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoder.colortype().unwrap(), ColorType::RGB(8));
+        assert_eq!(decoder.dimensions().unwrap(), (100, 100));
+        assert_eq!(
+            decoder.get_tag(Tag::Artist).unwrap(),
+            ifd::Value::Ascii("Image-tiff".into())
+        );
+        if let DecodingResult::U8(img_res) = decoder.read_image().unwrap() {
+            assert_eq!(image_data, img_res);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Wrong data type");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_encode_ifd() {
+    let mut data = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+
+    {
+        let mut tiff = TiffEncoder::new(&mut data).unwrap();
+        let mut image_encoder = tiff.new_image::<colortype::Gray8>(1, 1).unwrap();
+        let encoder = image_encoder.encoder();
+
+        // Use the "reusable" tags section as per the TIFF6 spec
+        encoder.write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65000), Ifd(42u32)).unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65001), &[Ifd(100u32)][..])
+            .unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65002), &[Ifd(1u32), Ifd(2u32), Ifd(3u32)][..])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        encoder.write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65010), Ifd8(43u64)).unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65011), &[Ifd8(100u64)][..])
+            .unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(
+                Tag::Unknown(65012),
+                &[Ifd8(1u64), Ifd8(2u64), Ifd8(3u64)][..],
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    // Rewind the cursor for reading
+    data.set_position(0);
+    {
+        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&mut data).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u32(65000), 42);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u32_vec(65000), [42]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u32_vec(65001), [100]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u32_vec(65002), [1, 2, 3]);
+
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u64(65010), 43);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u64_vec(65010), [43]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u64_vec(65011), [100]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_u64_vec(65012), [1, 2, 3]);
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 /// Test that attempting to encode when the input buffer is undersized returns
 /// an error rather than panicking.
@@ -182,6 +268,10 @@ trait AssertDecode {
     fn assert_tag_u32_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<u32>;
     fn assert_tag_i32(&mut self, tag: u16) -> i32;
     fn assert_tag_i32_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<i32>;
+    fn assert_tag_u64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> u64;
+    fn assert_tag_u64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<u64>;
+    fn assert_tag_i64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> i64;
+    fn assert_tag_i64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<i64>;
 }
 
 impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> AssertDecode for Decoder<R> {
@@ -203,6 +293,24 @@ impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> AssertDecode for Decoder<R> {
             .into_i32_vec()
             .unwrap()
     }
+    fn assert_tag_u64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> u64 {
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_u64().unwrap()
+    }
+    fn assert_tag_u64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<u64> {
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_u64_vec()
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+    fn assert_tag_i64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> i64 {
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_i64().unwrap()
+    }
+    fn assert_tag_i64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<i64> {
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_i64_vec()
+            .unwrap()
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -289,12 +397,20 @@ fn test_signed() {
             .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65022), &[-1_i32, 2][..])
             .unwrap();
 
+        encoder.write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65030), -1_i64).unwrap();
         encoder
-            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65030), make_srational(-1))
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65031), &[-1_i64][..])
+            .unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65032), &[-1_i64, 2][..])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        encoder
+            .write_tag(Tag::Unknown(65040), make_srational(-1))
             .unwrap();
         encoder
             .write_tag(
-                Tag::Unknown(65031),
+                Tag::Unknown(65041),
                 &[make_srational(-1), make_srational(2)][..],
             )
             .unwrap();
@@ -321,8 +437,12 @@ fn test_signed() {
         assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65021), [-1]);
         assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65022), [-1, 2]);
 
-        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65030), [-1, 100]);
-        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65031), [-1_i32, 100, 2, 100]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i64(65030), -1);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i64_vec(65031), [-1]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i64_vec(65032), [-1, 2]);
+
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65040), [-1, 100]);
+        assert_eq!(decoder.assert_tag_i32_vec(65041), [-1_i32, 100, 2, 100]);
     }
 }