Publicly export TiffWriter

.github/workflows/fuzz.yml

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-name: Fuzz
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 3 * * *'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      duration:
-        description: 'Seconds per fuzz target'
-        required: false
-        default: '300'
-
-concurrency:
-  group: fuzz-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  fuzz:
-    name: Fuzz (${{ matrix.target }})
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        target:
-          - decode_comprehensive
-          - decode_image
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-        with:
-          key: fuzz-${{ matrix.target }}
-          cache-directories: fuzz/target
-
-      - name: Install cargo-fuzz
-        run: cargo install cargo-fuzz --locked
-
-      - name: Determine duration
-        id: duration
-        run: |
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "schedule" ]; then
-            echo "seconds=300" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          elif [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            echo "seconds=${{ github.event.inputs.duration || '300' }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-            echo "seconds=60" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
-      - name: Seed corpus
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p fuzz/corpus/${{ matrix.target }}
-          cp fuzz/regression/* fuzz/corpus/${{ matrix.target }}/ 2>/dev/null || true
-          cp fuzz/seed_corpus/${{ matrix.target }}/* fuzz/corpus/${{ matrix.target }}/ 2>/dev/null || true
-
-      - name: Fuzz ${{ matrix.target }}
-        run: |
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run ${{ matrix.target }} \
-            -- -max_total_time=${{ steps.duration.outputs.seconds }} \
-               -dict=fuzz/tiff.dict \
-               -rss_limit_mb=2048
-
-      - name: Upload crashes
-        if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: fuzz-crashes-${{ matrix.target }}
-          path: fuzz/artifacts/
-          retention-days: 30
-
-  regression:
-    name: Fuzz regression
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      - name: Build
-        run: cargo build
-      - name: Regression seeds
-        run: |
-          if [ -d fuzz/regression ] && [ "$(ls fuzz/regression/ 2>/dev/null | wc -l)" -gt 0 ]; then
-            cargo test --test fuzz_regression 2>/dev/null || echo "No regression test found — seeds exist but no test harness"
-          fi

.gitignore

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
 /target/
 **/*.rs.bk
 Cargo.lock
-tests/benches/corpus/

Cargo.toml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ quick-error = "2.0.1"
 # Rename to avoid confusion with the feature name.
 fax34 = { package = "fax", version = "0.2.6", optional = true }
 flate2 = { version = "1.0.20", optional = true }
-weezl = { version = "0.2.1", optional = true }
+weezl = { version = "0.1.10", optional = true }
 zstd = { version = "0.13", optional = true }
 zune-jpeg = { version = "0.5.1", optional = true }
 image-webp = {version = "0.2.4", optional = true }
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ harness = false
 name = "encode"
 harness = false
 
-[[bench]]
-name = "decode"
-harness = false
-
 
 [[test]]
 name = "decode_libtiffpic"

README.md

@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ This crate uses [cargo-fuzz](https://github.com/rust-fuzz/cargo-fuzz) in order t
 
 After installing it with `cargo install cargo-fuzz` on a nightly rustc, the
 fuzzing harness can be run with recommended settings using 
-`cargo fuzz run decode_comprehensive -snone -- -dict=fuzz/tiff.dict -timeout=5`.
+`cargo fuzz run decode_image -snone -- -timeout=5`.

benches/decode.rs

@@ -1,461 +0,0 @@
-extern crate criterion;
-extern crate tiff;
-
-use criterion::{black_box, Criterion, Throughput};
-use std::io::Cursor;
-use tiff::decoder::Decoder;
-use tiff::encoder::colortype::{Gray16, Gray8, RGB32Float, RGB16, RGB8, RGBA8};
-use tiff::encoder::{Compression, Predictor, TiffEncoder};
-
-const WIDTH: u32 = 2048;
-const HEIGHT: u32 = 2048;
-
-// === Corpus paths (real photo-based TIFFs) ===
-// Set TIFF_BENCH_DIR / TIFF_GEOTIFF_DIR env vars to a directory containing the corpus files.
-// If the files are not found, the corresponding benchmarks are silently skipped.
-// The corpus can be generated with vips/imagemagick from any large photo; see the benchmark
-// names for the expected filenames and compression settings.
-const CORPUS_DIR: &str = "tests/benches/corpus";
-
-fn bench_dir() -> String {
-    std::env::var("TIFF_BENCH_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| CORPUS_DIR.to_string())
-}
-
-fn geotiff_dir() -> String {
-    std::env::var("TIFF_GEOTIFF_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| CORPUS_DIR.to_string())
-}
-
-/// Load a file from the corpus directory, returning None if not found.
-fn load_corpus(dir: &str, name: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
-    let path = format!("{}/{}", dir, name);
-    std::fs::read(&path).ok()
-}
-
-fn decode_tiff_bytes(data: &[u8]) {
-    let cursor = Cursor::new(data);
-    let mut decoder = Decoder::open(black_box(cursor)).unwrap();
-    decoder.next_image().unwrap();
-    decoder.read_image().unwrap();
-}
-
-// === Synthetic image generators ===
-
-fn generate_rgb8(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    (0..w * h * 3)
-        .map(|i| ((i * 7 + i / w * 3) & 0xFF) as u8)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_rgba8(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    (0..w * h * 4)
-        .map(|i| ((i * 11 + i / w * 5) & 0xFF) as u8)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_gray8(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    (0..w * h)
-        .map(|i| ((i * 7 + i / w * 3) & 0xFF) as u8)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_rgb16(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u16> {
-    (0..w * h * 3)
-        .map(|i| ((i * 257 + i / w * 131) & 0xFFFF) as u16)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_gray16(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u16> {
-    (0..w * h)
-        .map(|i| ((i * 257 + i / w * 131) & 0xFFFF) as u16)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_rgb_f32(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<f32> {
-    let mut data = Vec::with_capacity((w * h * 3) as usize);
-    for y in 0..h {
-        for x in 0..w {
-            let fx = x as f32 / w as f32;
-            let fy = y as f32 / h as f32;
-            data.push(fx * 0.5 + fy * 0.3);
-            data.push(fy * 0.7 + fx * 0.2);
-            data.push((fx + fy) * 0.25);
-        }
-    }
-    data
-}
-
-// === Synthetic encoders (strip-only, encoder doesn't support tiles) ===
-
-fn encode<C: tiff::encoder::colortype::ColorType>(
-    data: &[C::Inner],
-    w: u32,
-    h: u32,
-    compression: Compression,
-    predictor: Predictor,
-) -> Vec<u8>
-where
-    [C::Inner]: tiff::encoder::TiffValue,
-{
-    let mut buf = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
-    TiffEncoder::new(&mut buf)
-        .unwrap()
-        .with_predictor(predictor)
-        .with_compression(compression)
-        .write_image::<C>(w, h, data)
-        .unwrap();
-    buf.into_inner()
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut c = Criterion::default().configure_from_args();
-    let bd = bench_dir();
-    let gd = geotiff_dir();
-
-    // ========================================================================
-    // PART 1: Real photo corpus (5616x3744, ~21MP)
-    // ========================================================================
-    // Raw pixel sizes for throughput calculation:
-    //   RGB8:  5616*3744*3 = 63,078,912
-    //   RGB16: 5616*3744*6 = 126,157,824
-    //   F32x3: 5616*3744*12 = 252,315,648
-    //   Gray8: 5616*3744*1 = 21,026,304
-    //   GrayF32: 5616*3744*4 = 84,105,216
-    //   Palette8: 5616*3744*1 = 21,026,304 (output)
-
-    struct CorpusBench {
-        file: &'static str,
-        name: &'static str,
-        raw_bytes: u64,
-    }
-
-    let photo_benches = [
-        // Strip-based
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-none.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb8-none",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-packbits.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb8-packbits",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-lzw.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb8-lzw",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-lzw-hpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb8-lzw-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-deflate-hpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb8-deflate-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb16-deflate-hpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb16-deflate-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 126_157_824,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-gray8-lzw.tif",
-            name: "strip-gray8-lzw",
-            raw_bytes: 21_026_304,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-gray8-deflate-hpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-gray8-deflate-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 21_026_304,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb-f32-deflate-fpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-rgb-f32-deflate-fpred",
-            raw_bytes: 252_315_648,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-gray-f32-deflate-fpred.tif",
-            name: "strip-gray-f32-deflate-fpred",
-            raw_bytes: 84_105_216,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-palette8-lzw.tif",
-            name: "strip-palette8-lzw",
-            raw_bytes: 21_026_304,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "scan-bilevel-fax4.tif",
-            name: "strip-bilevel-fax4",
-            raw_bytes: 5616 * 3744 / 8,
-        },
-        // Tiled
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-lzw-hpred-tiled256.tif",
-            name: "tiled256-rgb8-lzw-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-deflate-hpred-tiled256.tif",
-            name: "tiled256-rgb8-deflate-hpred",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-rgb8-jpeg-tiled256.tif",
-            name: "tiled256-rgb8-jpeg",
-            raw_bytes: 63_078_912,
-        },
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "photo-gray-f32-deflate-fpred-tiled512.tif",
-            name: "tiled512-gray-f32-deflate-fpred",
-            raw_bytes: 84_105_216,
-        },
-    ];
-
-    {
-        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("photo-21mp");
-        group.sample_size(10);
-
-        for bench in &photo_benches {
-            if let Some(data) = load_corpus(&bd, bench.file) {
-                group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(bench.raw_bytes));
-                let data_ref = &data;
-                group.bench_function(bench.name, |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(data_ref)));
-            }
-        }
-
-        group.finish();
-    }
-
-    // ========================================================================
-    // PART 2: GeoTIFF (real tiled DEM data)
-    // ========================================================================
-
-    let geotiff_benches = [
-        // Copernicus DEM: 3600x3600, tiled 1024x1024, Gray f32, deflate + fpredict
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "Copernicus_DSM_COG_10_N40_00_W075_00_DEM.tif",
-            name: "copernicus-dem-f32-deflate-fpred-1024tile",
-            raw_bytes: 3600 * 3600 * 4,
-        },
-        // USGS DEM: 3612x3612, tiled 512x512, Gray f32, LZW + fpredict
-        CorpusBench {
-            file: "USGS_1_n40w075.tif",
-            name: "usgs-dem-f32-lzw-fpred-512tile",
-            raw_bytes: 3612 * 3612 * 4,
-        },
-    ];
-
-    {
-        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("geotiff");
-        group.sample_size(10);
-
-        for bench in &geotiff_benches {
-            if let Some(data) = load_corpus(&gd, bench.file) {
-                group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(bench.raw_bytes));
-                let data_ref = &data;
-                group.bench_function(bench.name, |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(data_ref)));
-            }
-        }
-
-        group.finish();
-    }
-
-    // ========================================================================
-    // PART 3: Synthetic (2048x2048, controlled comparisons)
-    // ========================================================================
-
-    let rgb8 = generate_rgb8(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let rgba8 = generate_rgba8(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let gray8 = generate_gray8(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let rgb16 = generate_rgb16(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let gray16 = generate_gray16(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let rgb_f32 = generate_rgb_f32(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-
-    let raw_rgb8 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3) as u64;
-    let raw_rgba8 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT * 4) as u64;
-    let raw_gray8 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT) as u64;
-    let raw_rgb16 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT * 6) as u64;
-    let raw_gray16 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT * 2) as u64;
-    let raw_f32x3 = (WIDTH * HEIGHT * 12) as u64;
-
-    // --- Uncompressed baseline ---
-    {
-        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("synth-uncompressed");
-        group.sample_size(10);
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(
-            &rgb8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Uncompressed,
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGBA8>(
-            &rgba8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Uncompressed,
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgba8))
-            .bench_function("rgba8", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<Gray8>(
-            &gray8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Uncompressed,
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_gray8))
-            .bench_function("gray8", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB16>(
-            &rgb16,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Uncompressed,
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb16))
-            .bench_function("rgb16", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<Gray16>(
-            &gray16,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Uncompressed,
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_gray16))
-            .bench_function("gray16", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        group.finish();
-    }
-
-    // --- Predictor overhead isolation (deflate-1, with vs without predictor) ---
-    {
-        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("synth-predictor");
-        group.sample_size(10);
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(
-            &rgb8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-deflate-none", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(
-            &rgb8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::Horizontal,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-deflate-hpred", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB16>(
-            &rgb16,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb16))
-            .bench_function("rgb16-deflate-none", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB16>(
-            &rgb16,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::Horizontal,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb16))
-            .bench_function("rgb16-deflate-hpred", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB32Float>(
-            &rgb_f32,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::None,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_f32x3))
-            .bench_function("rgb-f32-deflate-none", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB32Float>(
-            &rgb_f32,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::FloatingPoint,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_f32x3))
-            .bench_function("rgb-f32-deflate-fpred", |b| {
-                b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t))
-            });
-
-        group.finish();
-    }
-
-    // --- LZW vs Deflate comparison ---
-    {
-        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("synth-compression");
-        group.sample_size(10);
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(
-            &rgb8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Deflate(1),
-            Predictor::Horizontal,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-deflate-hpred", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(
-            &rgb8,
-            WIDTH,
-            HEIGHT,
-            Compression::Lzw,
-            Predictor::Horizontal,
-        );
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-lzw-hpred", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(&rgb8, WIDTH, HEIGHT, Compression::Lzw, Predictor::None);
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-lzw-none", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        let t = encode::<RGB8>(&rgb8, WIDTH, HEIGHT, Compression::Packbits, Predictor::None);
-        group
-            .throughput(Throughput::Bytes(raw_rgb8))
-            .bench_function("rgb8-packbits", |b| b.iter(|| decode_tiff_bytes(&t)));
-
-        group.finish();
-    }
-}

examples/decode.rs

@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut data = DecodingSampleBuffer::I8(vec![]);
 
     for i in 0u32.. {
-        if !reader.more_images() {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        reader.next_directory()?;
-
         let colortype = reader.colortype()?;
         let dimensions = reader.dimensions()?;
         let layout = reader.read_image_to_buffer(&mut data)?;
 
         debug_planes(i, &mut data, &layout, &colortype, dimensions);
+
+        if !reader.more_images() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        reader.next_image()?
     }
 
     Ok(())

examples/profile_decode.rs

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-//! Profiling helper: encodes and decodes several TIFF configurations.
-//! Run under callgrind: `valgrind --tool=callgrind target/release/examples/profile_decode`
-use std::io::Cursor;
-use tiff::decoder::Decoder;
-use tiff::encoder::colortype::{Gray8, RGB32Float, RGB16, RGB8};
-use tiff::encoder::{Compression, Predictor, TiffEncoder};
-
-const WIDTH: u32 = 2048;
-const HEIGHT: u32 = 2048;
-const ITERS: usize = 3;
-
-fn generate_rgb8(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    (0..w * h * 3).map(|i| (i % 256) as u8).collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_rgb16(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u16> {
-    (0..w * h * 3).map(|i| (i % 65536) as u16).collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_rgb_f32(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<f32> {
-    (0..w * h * 3)
-        .map(|i| (i as f32) / (w * h * 3) as f32)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn generate_gray8(w: u32, h: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    (0..w * h).map(|i| (i % 256) as u8).collect()
-}
-
-fn encode<C: tiff::encoder::colortype::ColorType>(
-    data: &[C::Inner],
-    w: u32,
-    h: u32,
-    compression: Compression,
-    predictor: Predictor,
-) -> Vec<u8>
-where
-    [C::Inner]: tiff::encoder::TiffValue,
-{
-    let mut buf = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
-    TiffEncoder::new(&mut buf)
-        .unwrap()
-        .with_predictor(predictor)
-        .with_compression(compression)
-        .write_image::<C>(w, h, data)
-        .unwrap();
-    buf.into_inner()
-}
-
-fn decode(data: &[u8]) {
-    let cursor = Cursor::new(data);
-    let mut decoder = Decoder::open(cursor).unwrap();
-    decoder.next_image().unwrap();
-    let _ = decoder.read_image().unwrap();
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let rgb8 = generate_rgb8(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let rgb16 = generate_rgb16(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let rgb_f32 = generate_rgb_f32(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-    let gray8 = generate_gray8(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-
-    let cases: Vec<(&str, Vec<u8>)> = vec![
-        (
-            "deflate-rgb8-hpredict",
-            encode::<RGB8>(
-                &rgb8,
-                WIDTH,
-                HEIGHT,
-                Compression::Deflate(1),
-                Predictor::Horizontal,
-            ),
-        ),
-        (
-            "deflate-gray8-hpredict",
-            encode::<Gray8>(
-                &gray8,
-                WIDTH,
-                HEIGHT,
-                Compression::Deflate(1),
-                Predictor::Horizontal,
-            ),
-        ),
-        (
-            "deflate-rgb16-hpredict",
-            encode::<RGB16>(
-                &rgb16,
-                WIDTH,
-                HEIGHT,
-                Compression::Deflate(1),
-                Predictor::Horizontal,
-            ),
-        ),
-        (
-            "deflate-rgb-f32-fpredict",
-            encode::<RGB32Float>(
-                &rgb_f32,
-                WIDTH,
-                HEIGHT,
-                Compression::Deflate(1),
-                Predictor::FloatingPoint,
-            ),
-        ),
-        (
-            "lzw-rgb8-no-pred",
-            encode::<RGB8>(&rgb8, WIDTH, HEIGHT, Compression::Lzw, Predictor::None),
-        ),
-        (
-            "lzw-rgb8-hpredict",
-            encode::<RGB8>(
-                &rgb8,
-                WIDTH,
-                HEIGHT,
-                Compression::Lzw,
-                Predictor::Horizontal,
-            ),
-        ),
-    ];
-
-    for (name, tiff_data) in &cases {
-        eprintln!(
-            "=== Profiling: {} ({} bytes encoded) ===",
-            name,
-            tiff_data.len()
-        );
-        for _ in 0..ITERS {
-            decode(tiff_data);
-        }
-    }
-}

fuzz/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ path = ".."
 members = ["."]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "decode_comprehensive"
-path = "fuzz_targets/decode_comprehensive.rs"
+name = "decode_image"
+path = "fuzz_targets/decode_image.rs"
 test = false
 doc = false

fuzz/fuzz_targets/decode_comprehensive.rs

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#![no_main]
-use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
-use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Seek};
-use tiff::decoder::{Decoder, Limits};
-use tiff::tags::Tag;
-
-fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
-    // Standalone header parse (separate code path from Decoder::open)
-    let _ = tiff::decoder::TiffHeader::parse(Cursor::new(data));
-
-    let mut decoder = match Decoder::open(Cursor::new(data)) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(_) => return,
-    };
-
-    let mut limits = Limits::default();
-    limits.decoding_buffer_size = 512 * 1024;
-    limits.ifd_value_size = 64 * 1024;
-    limits.intermediate_buffer_size = 512 * 1024;
-    decoder = decoder.with_limits(limits);
-
-    // Probe first IFD (opened but image not yet parsed)
-    probe_directory(&mut decoder);
-
-    // Linear IFD iteration via next_directory — tolerates invalid
-    // intermediate IFDs that aren't decodable as images
-    let mut ifd_count = 1u32;
-    while decoder.more_images() && ifd_count < 8 {
-        if decoder.next_directory().is_err() {
-            break;
-        }
-        probe_directory(&mut decoder);
-        ifd_count += 1;
-    }
-
-    // Random-access traversal via seek (different code path: find_nth_ifd
-    // re-walks the IFD chain from the start each time)
-    for i in 0..ifd_count.min(4) as usize {
-        if decoder.seek_to_directory(i).is_ok() {
-            probe_directory(&mut decoder);
-        }
-        // seek_to_image eagerly parses the directory as an Image
-        let _ = decoder.seek_to_image(i);
-    }
-});
-
-fn probe_directory<R: Read + Seek>(decoder: &mut Decoder<R>) {
-    // Tag iteration — exercises value parsing for every tag in the IFD
-    for result in decoder.current_ifd().tag_iter() {
-        let _ = result;
-    }
-
-    // SubIFD / EXIF / GPS directory traversal — exercises read_directory
-    // with potentially adversarial offsets
-    if let Ok(Some(val)) = decoder.current_ifd().find_tag(Tag::SubIfd) {
-        if let Ok(ptrs) = val.into_ifd_vec() {
-            for ptr in ptrs.into_iter().take(4) {
-                let _ = decoder.read_directory(ptr);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    for tag in [Tag::ExifDirectory, Tag::GpsDirectory] {
-        if let Ok(Some(val)) = decoder.current_ifd().find_tag(tag) {
-            if let Ok(ptr) = val.into_ifd_pointer() {
-                let _ = decoder.read_directory(ptr);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Image-level probing — dimensions() triggers ensure_image,
-    // which lazily parses the directory as an Image
-    if decoder.dimensions().is_ok() {
-        let _ = decoder.colortype();
-        let _ = decoder.color_map();
-        let _ = decoder.get_chunk_type();
-        let _ = decoder.chunk_dimensions();
-        let _ = decoder.strip_count();
-        let _ = decoder.tile_count();
-        let _ = decoder.image_buffer_layout();
-        let _ = decoder.image_chunk_buffer_layout(0);
-
-        // Chunk reads at boundaries — first and last exercise
-        // different offset calculations
-        let _ = decoder.read_chunk(0);
-        let chunk_count = decoder
-            .strip_count()
-            .or_else(|_| decoder.tile_count())
-            .unwrap_or(0);
-        if chunk_count > 1 {
-            let _ = decoder.read_chunk(chunk_count - 1);
-        }
-
-        // Full image decode
-        let _ = decoder.read_image();
-    }
-}

fuzz/fuzz_targets/decode_image.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#![no_main]
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
+
+fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
+    let mut decoder = if let Ok(d) = tiff::decoder::Decoder::new(std::io::Cursor::new(data)) {
+        d
+    } else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let mut limits = tiff::decoder::Limits::default();
+    limits.decoding_buffer_size = 1_000_000;
+    limits.ifd_value_size = 1_000_000;
+    limits.intermediate_buffer_size = 1_000_000;
+
+    decoder = decoder.with_limits(limits);
+    
+    loop {
+        if let Err(_) = decoder.read_image() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if !decoder.more_images() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if let Err(_) = decoder.next_image() {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+});

fuzz/tiff.dict

@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-# === File headers ===
-
-# Classic TIFF (LE, BE)
-"\x49\x49\x2A\x00"
-"\x4D\x4D\x00\x2A"
-# BigTIFF (LE, BE) — version 43, 8-byte offsets, different parsing paths
-"\x49\x49\x2B\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x4D\x4D\x00\x2B\x00\x08\x00\x00"
-
-# === IFD field type codes (2-byte LE) ===
-# Decoder switches on these; wrong types exercise error paths
-
-"\x01\x00"
-"\x02\x00"
-"\x03\x00"
-"\x04\x00"
-"\x05\x00"
-"\x06\x00"
-"\x07\x00"
-"\x08\x00"
-"\x09\x00"
-"\x0A\x00"
-"\x0B\x00"
-"\x0C\x00"
-"\x0D\x00"
-"\x10\x00"
-"\x11\x00"
-"\x12\x00"
-
-# === IFD tag numbers (2-byte LE) ===
-
-# 256=ImageWidth 257=ImageLength 258=BitsPerSample
-"\x00\x01"
-"\x01\x01"
-"\x02\x01"
-# 259=Compression 262=PhotometricInterpretation
-"\x03\x01"
-"\x06\x01"
-# 273=StripOffsets 274=Orientation
-"\x11\x01"
-"\x12\x01"
-# 277=SamplesPerPixel 278=RowsPerStrip 279=StripByteCounts
-"\x15\x01"
-"\x16\x01"
-"\x17\x01"
-# 282=XResolution 283=YResolution 284=PlanarConfiguration
-"\x1A\x01"
-"\x1B\x01"
-"\x1C\x01"
-# 317=Predictor 320=ColorMap
-"\x3D\x01"
-"\x40\x01"
-# 322=TileWidth 323=TileLength 324=TileOffsets 325=TileByteCounts
-"\x42\x01"
-"\x43\x01"
-"\x44\x01"
-"\x45\x01"
-# 330=SubIfd 338=ExtraSamples 339=SampleFormat
-"\x4A\x01"
-"\x52\x01"
-"\x53\x01"
-# 347=JPEGTables 530=ChromaSubsampling
-"\x5B\x01"
-"\x12\x02"
-# 34665=ExifDirectory 34675=IccProfile 34853=GpsDirectory
-"\x69\x87"
-"\x73\x87"
-"\x25\x88"
-
-# === IFD tag numbers (2-byte BE) ===
-
-"\x01\x00"
-"\x01\x01"
-"\x01\x02"
-"\x01\x03"
-"\x01\x06"
-"\x01\x11"
-"\x01\x12"
-"\x01\x15"
-"\x01\x16"
-"\x01\x17"
-"\x01\x1A"
-"\x01\x1B"
-"\x01\x1C"
-"\x01\x3D"
-"\x01\x40"
-"\x01\x42"
-"\x01\x43"
-"\x01\x44"
-"\x01\x45"
-"\x01\x4A"
-"\x01\x52"
-"\x01\x53"
-"\x01\x5B"
-"\x02\x12"
-"\x87\x69"
-"\x87\x73"
-"\x88\x25"
-
-# === Compression codes (4-byte LE inline SHORT values) ===
-# These are the values stored in the IFD entry for tag 259
-
-# 1=None 2=Huffman 3=Fax3 4=Fax4 5=LZW
-"\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x02\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x03\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x04\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x05\x00\x00\x00"
-# 6=OldJPEG 7=ModernJPEG 8=Deflate
-"\x06\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x07\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x08\x00\x00\x00"
-# 0x8005=PackBits 0x80B2=OldDeflate
-"\x05\x80\x00\x00"
-"\xB2\x80\x00\x00"
-
-# === Useful small values (4-byte LE) ===
-# BitsPerSample=16, =32 (8 already covered as Deflate compression above)
-
-"\x10\x00\x00\x00"
-"\x20\x00\x00\x00"
-
-# === Minimal IFD entries (12-byte LE: tag + type SHORT + count 1 + value) ===
-# These let the fuzzer splice complete valid entries into an IFD
-
-# ImageWidth=1
-"\x00\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-# ImageLength=1
-"\x01\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-# BitsPerSample=8
-"\x02\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00"
-# Compression=None
-"\x03\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-# PhotometricInterpretation=BlackIsZero
-"\x06\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-# SamplesPerPixel=1
-"\x15\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-# RowsPerStrip=1
-"\x16\x01\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"

src/decoder/cycles.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 ///
 /// Since we only consider one child, we run union find to assign each pointer to a known chain.
 /// Then, when we insert a new edge we check if they belong to the same component.
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct IfdCycles {
     /// The root of each component union.
     component_union: HashMap<ComponentId, ComponentId>,

src/decoder/entry_reader.rs

@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-use std::io::{self, Cursor, Read, Seek};
-
-use crate::{
-    decoder::{ifd::Entry, stream::EndianReader, ValueReader},
-    tags::{ByteOrder, IfdPointer, Type},
-    TiffResult,
-};
-
-pub struct EntryBytesReader<'lt, R> {
-    inner: &'lt mut EndianReader<R>,
-    variant: Variant,
-}
-
-const OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN: usize = 8;
-
-enum Variant {
-    Immediate {
-        /// An in-value reader if the offset field contains the data. Note that we rotate it to the
-        /// back of this buffer, not the front, so that `Cursor` already contains the right end.
-        /// We do not let you seek back beyond our start.
-        data: Cursor<[u8; OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN]>,
-        value_bytes: u8,
-    },
-    InFile {
-        // the length relative to the base so we can seek relative without querying the position.
-        value_bytes: u64,
-        remainder: u64,
-        base: u64,
-    },
-}
-
-impl<'lt, R> EntryBytesReader<'lt, R> {
-    pub(super) fn from_entry(inner: &'lt mut ValueReader<R>, entry: Entry) -> TiffResult<Self>
-    where
-        R: Read + Seek,
-    {
-        let offset: [_; OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN] = *entry.offset_raw();
-        let limit = if inner.bigtiff { 8 } else { 4 };
-        assert!(limit as usize <= OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN);
-
-        let value_bytes = entry.field_type().value_bytes(entry.count())?;
-
-        if value_bytes <= limit {
-            // We move the data to the back of the array whereas it is in the front right now.
-            let mut value = offset;
-            value.rotate_left(value_bytes as usize);
-            let mut cursor = Cursor::new(value);
-            cursor.set_position(OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN as u64 - value_bytes);
-
-            Ok(EntryBytesReader {
-                inner: &mut inner.reader,
-                variant: Variant::Immediate {
-                    data: cursor,
-                    value_bytes: value_bytes as u8,
-                },
-            })
-        } else {
-            // remainder > limit >= 0 so this is an unreachable panic.
-            let pointer = if inner.bigtiff {
-                let mut offset = offset;
-
-                inner
-                    .reader
-                    .byte_order
-                    .convert(Type::IFD8, &mut offset[..], ByteOrder::native());
-
-                IfdPointer(u64::from_ne_bytes(offset))
-            } else {
-                let mut offset = *offset.first_chunk::<4>().unwrap();
-
-                inner
-                    .reader
-                    .byte_order
-                    .convert(Type::IFD, &mut offset[..], ByteOrder::native());
-
-                let offset = u32::from_ne_bytes(offset);
-                IfdPointer(u64::from(offset))
-            };
-
-            inner.reader.goto_offset(pointer.0)?;
-
-            Ok(EntryBytesReader {
-                inner: &mut inner.reader,
-                variant: Variant::InFile {
-                    value_bytes,
-                    remainder: value_bytes,
-                    base: pointer.0,
-                },
-            })
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<R: Read> Read for EntryBytesReader<'_, R> {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        match &mut self.variant {
-            Variant::Immediate { data, .. } => data.read(buf),
-            Variant::InFile { remainder, .. } => {
-                let bound = usize::try_from(*remainder).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
-                let avail = buf.len().min(bound);
-                let read = self.inner.inner().read(&mut buf[..avail])?;
-
-                // On a well-behaved `Read`: read <= avail <= bound <=(mathematical) remainder
-                let consume = read as u64;
-                *remainder -= consume;
-                Ok(read)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
-        match &mut self.variant {
-            Variant::Immediate { data, .. } => data.read_exact(buf),
-            Variant::InFile { remainder, .. } => {
-                let bound = usize::try_from(*remainder).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
-
-                // Fail early if we would be sure to over-read.
-                if buf.len() > bound {
-                    return Err(io::Error::new(
-                        io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
-                        "Tiff value shorter than the requested buffer size",
-                    ));
-                }
-
-                // since buf.len() <= bound <=(mathematical) remainder
-                let consume = buf.len() as u64;
-                self.inner.inner().read_exact(buf)?;
-                *remainder -= consume;
-
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<R: Read + Seek> Seek for EntryBytesReader<'_, R> {
-    fn seek(&mut self, offset: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
-        let (value_bytes, remainder) = match &self.variant {
-            Variant::Immediate { data, value_bytes } => {
-                let remainder = data.get_ref().len() as u64 - data.position();
-                (*value_bytes as u64, remainder)
-            }
-            &Variant::InFile {
-                value_bytes,
-                remainder,
-                base: _,
-            } => (value_bytes, remainder),
-        };
-
-        // Normalize to an offset from the start
-        let offset_from_start = match offset {
-            io::SeekFrom::Start(n) => Some(n),
-            io::SeekFrom::Current(n) => {
-                let front = value_bytes - remainder;
-                front.checked_add_signed(n)
-            }
-            io::SeekFrom::End(n) => value_bytes.checked_add_signed(n),
-        };
-
-        let Some((offset, remainder)) = offset_from_start.and_then(|n| {
-            let remainder = value_bytes.checked_sub(n)?;
-            Some((n, remainder))
-        }) else {
-            return Err(io::Error::new(
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                "seek out of bounds of entry value",
-            ));
-        };
-
-        match &mut self.variant {
-            Variant::Immediate { data, .. } => {
-                let start = OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN as u64 - value_bytes;
-                data.set_position(start + offset);
-                Ok(offset)
-            }
-            &mut Variant::InFile { base, .. } => {
-                // We checked this against overflow on construction. Ignore the offset we get.
-                self.inner
-                    .inner()
-                    .seek(io::SeekFrom::Start(base + offset))?;
-
-                self.variant = Variant::InFile {
-                    value_bytes,
-                    remainder,
-                    base,
-                };
-
-                Ok(offset)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn stream_position(&mut self) -> io::Result<u64> {
-        Ok(match &self.variant {
-            Variant::Immediate { data, value_bytes } => {
-                // Recall the value is at the end of the buffer.
-                let from_end = OFFSET_BUFFER_LEN as u64 - data.position();
-                u64::from(*value_bytes) - from_end
-            }
-            // Note: we might think about using the inner `stream_position` here. However that
-            // exposes something interesting: If the internal stream is modified concurrently from
-            // another instance (e.g. a shared `File`) then we may lose track of it anyways.
-            // Especially the `Read` implementation is not bounded on `Seek` so it could not
-            // acquire the position. And it should not since that is just a different form of race
-            // where we risk the position being modified by a different thread just as well.
-            //
-            // So in the interest of least surprise we just assume that we can track the position
-            // accurately here and that the inner reader uses for instance `read_at` consistently.
-            // We own the value (or mutable reference) it after all.
-            //
-            // Also this one MUST be compatible with `seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))` as per trait
-            // defintion—so at least keep those consistent if changing anything.
-            &Variant::InFile {
-                remainder,
-                value_bytes,
-                ..
-            } => value_bytes - remainder,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use crate::{decoder::Decoder, encoder, tags};
-    use std::io::{Read as _, Seek as _, SeekFrom};
-
-    #[test]
-    fn can_seek_tag_bytes() -> Result<(), crate::error::TiffError> {
-        let file = std::fs::File::open(concat!(
-            env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
-            "/tests/images/int8_rgb.tif"
-        ))
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::open(file).unwrap();
-        decoder.next_directory().unwrap();
-
-        let mut buffer = crate::tags::ValueBuffer::default();
-
-        decoder
-            .current_ifd()
-            .find_tag_buf(tags::Tag::StripByteCounts, &mut buffer)
-            .expect("some strip byte count is present");
-
-        let bytes_of_value = buffer.as_bytes().len() as u64;
-
-        let mut reader = decoder
-            .read_tag(tags::Tag::StripByteCounts)?
-            .expect("some strip byte count is present");
-
-        let mut data = vec![];
-        reader.read_to_end(&mut data)?;
-
-        // `ValueBuffer` also stores its data in the file endianess until converted.
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, bytes_of_value);
-        assert_eq!(buffer.as_bytes(), data);
-
-        reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, 0);
-        reader.read_to_end(&mut data)?;
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, bytes_of_value);
-
-        let (first, second) = data.split_at(bytes_of_value as usize);
-        assert_eq!(first, second);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[allow(clippy::seek_from_current)] // We want to test that functionality.
-    fn seek_from_end() -> Result<(), crate::error::TiffError> {
-        const ARTIST: &str = "99 little bugs in the code";
-
-        let data = {
-            let mut data = std::io::Cursor::new(vec![]);
-            let mut encoder = encoder::TiffEncoder::new(&mut data)?;
-
-            let mut dir = encoder.image_directory()?;
-            dir.write_tag(tags::Tag::Artist, ARTIST)?;
-            dir.finish()?;
-
-            data.into_inner()
-        };
-
-        let file = std::io::Cursor::new(data);
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::open(file).unwrap();
-        decoder.next_directory().unwrap();
-
-        let mut reader = decoder
-            .read_tag(tags::Tag::Artist)?
-            .expect("the artist is present?");
-
-        let mut value = vec![];
-        reader.read_to_end(&mut value)?;
-
-        let (&nul, value) = value.split_last().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, ARTIST.as_bytes());
-        assert_eq!(nul, b'\0');
-
-        assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?, ARTIST.len() as u64 + 1);
-        assert!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(1)).is_err());
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, ARTIST.len() as u64 + 1);
-
-        // Check relative seeks by comparing against the "code"
-        let code_offset = reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))?;
-        let mut is_code = [0u8; 4];
-        reader.read_exact(&mut is_code)?;
-        assert_eq!(is_code, *value.last_chunk::<4>().unwrap());
-
-        assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?, 0);
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, 0);
-        assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))?, 0);
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, 0);
-        assert!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-1)).is_err());
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, 0);
-
-        reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(code_offset))?;
-        reader.read_exact(&mut is_code)?;
-        assert_eq!(reader.stream_position()?, ARTIST.len() as u64);
-        assert_eq!(is_code, *value.last_chunk::<4>().unwrap());
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Check that the reader from an `offset` field also works.
-    #[test]
-    fn read_from_offset() -> Result<(), crate::error::TiffError> {
-        let data = {
-            let mut data = std::io::Cursor::new(vec![]);
-            let mut encoder = encoder::TiffEncoder::new(&mut data)?;
-
-            let mut dir = encoder.image_directory()?;
-            dir.write_tag(
-                tags::Tag::PlanarConfiguration,
-                tags::PlanarConfiguration::Planar,
-            )?;
-            dir.finish()?;
-
-            data.into_inner()
-        };
-
-        let file = std::io::Cursor::new(data);
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::open(file).unwrap();
-        decoder.next_directory().unwrap();
-        let bo = decoder.byte_order();
-
-        let mut reader = decoder
-            .read_tag(tags::Tag::PlanarConfiguration)?
-            .expect("some artist is present");
-
-        let mut buf = [0; 2];
-        reader.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
-
-        bo.convert(tags::Type::SHORT, &mut buf, tags::ByteOrder::BigEndian);
-        assert_eq!(buf, [0, 2]);
-
-        // Check relative seeks, this item is only two bytes long.
-        assert!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-3)).is_err());
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

src/decoder/ifd.rs

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ impl Entry {
         self.count
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn offset_raw(&self) -> &[u8; 8] {
+    pub(crate) fn offset(&self) -> &[u8] {
         &self.offset
     }
 
@@ -583,19 +583,19 @@ impl Entry {
 
         match self.type_ {
             Type::BYTE | Type::UNDEFINED => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(bytes.iter().copied().map(Byte))
                 })
             }
             Type::SBYTE => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(bytes.iter().copied().map(|v| SignedByte(v as i8)))
                 })
             }
             Type::SHORT => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::SSHORT => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::LONG => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::SLONG => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::FLOAT => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::DOUBLE => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::RATIONAL => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(bytes.chunks_exact(8).map(|ch| {
                         Rational(
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::SRATIONAL => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(bytes.chunks_exact(8).map(|ch| {
                         SRational(
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::LONG8 => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::SLONG8 => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::IFD => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ impl Entry {
                 })
             }
             Type::IFD8 => {
-                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, self.type_, limits)?;
+                v = Self::vec_with_capacity(self.count, limits)?;
                 self.decode_values(self.count, self.type_, reader, |bytes| {
                     v.extend(
                         bytes
@@ -719,8 +719,8 @@ impl Entry {
             Type::ASCII => {
                 let n = usize::try_from(self.count)?;
 
-                if n > limits.ifd_value_size {
-                    return Err(TiffError::LimitsExceeded);
+                if n > limits.decoding_buffer_size {
+                    return Err(dbg!(TiffError::LimitsExceeded));
                 }
 
                 let mut out = vec![0; n];
@@ -846,20 +846,10 @@ impl Entry {
 
     fn vec_with_capacity(
         value_count: u64,
-        type_: Type,
         limits: &super::Limits,
     ) -> Result<Vec<Value>, TiffError> {
-        // Check raw file bytes against ifd_value_size.
-        if !type_
-            .value_bytes(value_count)
-            .and_then(|b| usize::try_from(b).map_err(|_| TiffError::LimitsExceeded))
-            .is_ok_and(|raw_len| raw_len <= limits.ifd_value_size)
-        {
-            return Err(TiffError::LimitsExceeded);
-        }
-
-        // Check in-memory Value representation against decoding_buffer_size.
         let value_count = usize::try_from(value_count)?;
+
         if value_count > limits.decoding_buffer_size / mem::size_of::<Value>() {
             return Err(TiffError::LimitsExceeded);
         }

src/decoder/image.rs

@@ -155,6 +155,32 @@ pub(crate) struct ReadoutLayout {
 }
 
 impl Image {
+    pub(crate) fn no_image() -> Image {
+        Image {
+            width: 0,
+            height: 0,
+            bits_per_sample: 1,
+            samples: 1,
+            extra_samples: vec![],
+            photometric_samples: 1,
+            sample_format: SampleFormat::Uint,
+            photometric_interpretation: PhotometricInterpretation::BlackIsZero,
+            compression_method: CompressionMethod::None,
+            jpeg_tables: None,
+            predictor: Predictor::None,
+            chunk_type: ChunkType::Strip,
+            planar_config: PlanarConfiguration::Chunky,
+            strip_decoder: None,
+            tile_attributes: None,
+            chunk_offsets: Vec::new(),
+            chunk_bytes: Vec::new(),
+            chroma_subsampling: (2, 2),
+            fill_order: 1,
+            color_map: None,
+            decompression_to_host_endian: false,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn from_reader<R: Read + Seek>(
         decoder: &mut ValueReader<R>,
         ifd: &Directory,
@@ -454,9 +480,8 @@ impl Image {
             match tag_reader.find_tag(Tag::ColorMap)? {
                 Some(v) => {
                     let map = v.into_u16_vec()?;
-                    let expected_len = 1usize
-                        .checked_shl(bits_per_sample as u32)
-                        .and_then(|n| n.checked_mul(3))
+                    let expected_len = 3usize
+                        .checked_mul(1usize << bits_per_sample)
                         .ok_or(TiffError::LimitsExceeded)?;
                     if map.len() != expected_len {
                         return Err(TiffError::FormatError(
@@ -503,17 +528,6 @@ impl Image {
         })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn check_chunk_type(&self, expected: ChunkType) -> TiffResult<()> {
-        if expected != self.chunk_type {
-            return Err(TiffError::UsageError(UsageError::InvalidChunkType(
-                expected,
-                self.chunk_type,
-            )));
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn colortype(&self) -> TiffResult<ColorType> {
         let is_alpha_extra_samples = matches!(
             self.extra_samples.as_slice(),
@@ -1010,7 +1024,6 @@ impl Image {
         buf: &mut [u8],
         layout: &ReadoutLayout,
         chunk_index: u32,
-        scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
     ) -> TiffResult<()> {
         let ValueReader {
             reader,
@@ -1193,7 +1206,6 @@ impl Image {
                     samples,
                     ByteOrder::native(),
                     predictor,
-                    scratch,
                 );
 
                 if photometric_interpretation == PhotometricInterpretation::WhiteIsZero {
@@ -1212,7 +1224,6 @@ impl Image {
                     samples,
                     decompressed_byte_order,
                     predictor,
-                    scratch,
                 );
             }
 
@@ -1228,18 +1239,9 @@ impl Image {
 
                 let row = &mut row[..data_row_bytes];
                 match color_type.bit_depth() {
-                    16 => {
-                        let (out, _) = row.as_chunks_mut::<2>();
-                        predict_f16(&mut encoded, out, samples);
-                    }
-                    32 => {
-                        let (out, _) = row.as_chunks_mut::<4>();
-                        predict_f32(&mut encoded, out, samples);
-                    }
-                    64 => {
-                        let (out, _) = row.as_chunks_mut::<8>();
-                        predict_f64(&mut encoded, out, samples);
-                    }
+                    16 => predict_f16(&mut encoded, row, samples),
+                    32 => predict_f32(&mut encoded, row, samples),
+                    64 => predict_f64(&mut encoded, row, samples),
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
                 if photometric_interpretation == PhotometricInterpretation::WhiteIsZero {
@@ -1268,7 +1270,6 @@ impl Image {
                     samples,
                     decompressed_byte_order,
                     predictor,
-                    scratch,
                 );
 
                 if photometric_interpretation == PhotometricInterpretation::WhiteIsZero {
@@ -1310,7 +1311,6 @@ impl Image {
                     samples,
                     decompressed_byte_order,
                     predictor,
-                    scratch,
                 );
 
                 if photometric_interpretation == PhotometricInterpretation::WhiteIsZero {

src/decoder/logluv.rs

@@ -87,12 +87,15 @@ fn packbits_decode<R: Read, const N: usize>(
     reader: &mut R,
     buf: &mut [[u8; N]],
 ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let expected = buf.len();
     for offset in (0..N).rev() {
         let mut i = 0;
         let mut code = [0u8; 1];
 
-        while let Some(pixels) = buf.get_mut(i..) {
+        loop {
+            let Some(pixels) = buf.get_mut(i..) else {
+                break;
+            };
+
             if pixels.is_empty() {
                 break;
             }
@@ -121,13 +124,6 @@ fn packbits_decode<R: Read, const N: usize>(
                 i += usize::from(repeat);
             }
         }
-
-        if i < expected {
-            return Err(std::io::Error::new(
-                std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
-                "PackBits RLE decoded fewer pixels than expected",
-            ));
-        }
     }
 
     Ok(())

src/decoder/stream.rs

@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ impl Group3Reader {
     ) -> Option<u16> {
         let mut sum = 0u16;
         while let Some(n) = decoder(reader) {
-            sum = sum.checked_add(n)?;
+            sum += n;
             if n < 64 {
                 return Some(sum);
             }
@@ -475,10 +475,7 @@ impl Read for Group3Reader {
                 };
                 match run {
                     Some(len) => {
-                        a0 = match a0.checked_add(len) {
-                            Some(v) => v,
-                            None => break, // overflow = corrupt data
-                        };
+                        a0 += len;
                         transitions.push(a0);
                         is_white = !is_white;
                     }

src/directory.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use crate::{
 /// [`Decoder::read_directory_tags`](crate::decoder::Decoder::read_directory_tags) to read the
 /// values associated with tags from an underlying file.
 #[doc(alias = "IFD")]
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Directory {
     /// There are at most `u16::MAX` entries in any single directory, the count is stored as a
     /// 2-byte value. The order in the file is implied to be ascending by tag value (the decoder

src/encoder/mod.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ use self::compression::Compression as Comp;
 use self::compression::*;
 use self::writer::*;
 
+pub use self::writer::TiffWriter;
+
 /// Type of prediction to prepare the image with.
 ///
 /// Image data can be very unpredictable, and thus very hard to compress. Predictors are simple
@@ -185,6 +187,14 @@ impl<W: Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> TiffEncoder<W, K> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Get a mutable reference to a writer for raw values.
+    ///
+    /// This can be used to write custom data sections to the underlying writer that may or may not
+    /// be referenced in the IFDs of the tiff structure.
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut TiffWriter<W> {
+        &mut self.writer
+    }
+
     /// Create a [`DirectoryEncoder`] to encode an ifd directory.
     #[deprecated = "`image_directory` replaced the old behavior and clarifies the intent"]
     #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -488,8 +498,7 @@ impl<'a, W: 'a + Write + Seek, K: TiffKind> DirectoryEncoder<'a, W, K> {
             self.writer.write_u16(entry.field_type().to_u16())?;
             let count = K::convert_offset(entry.count())?;
             count.write(self.writer)?;
-            self.writer
-                .write_bytes(&entry.offset_raw()[..offset_bytes])?;
+            self.writer.write_bytes(&entry.offset()[..offset_bytes])?;
         }
 
         Ok(offset)

src/encoder/writer.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ pub fn write_bigtiff_header<W: Write>(writer: &mut TiffWriter<W>) -> TiffResult<
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// A writer that tracks offset and can compress.
 pub struct TiffWriter<W> {
     writer: W,
     offset: u64,
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ impl<W: Write> TiffWriter<W> {
         self.compressor = compressor;
     }
 
+    /// Unset the compression.
     pub fn reset_compression(&mut self) {
         self.compressor = Compressor::default();
     }
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ impl<W: Write> TiffWriter<W> {
         self.offset() - core::mem::size_of::<K::OffsetType>() as u64
     }
 
+    /// Get the number of bytes written by the last write operation.
     pub fn last_written(&self) -> u64 {
         self.byte_count
     }
@@ -183,6 +186,19 @@ impl<W: Write> TiffWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Write uncompressed bytes to the raw underlying file.
+impl<W: Write> std::io::Write for TiffWriter<W> {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let n = self.writer.write(buf)?;
+        self.offset += n as u64;
+        Ok(n)
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.writer.flush()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<W: Seek> TiffWriter<W> {
     pub fn goto_offset(&mut self, offset: u64) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         self.offset = offset;

src/tags.rs

@@ -567,13 +567,6 @@ impl ValueBuffer {
     }
 }
 
-/// Create an empty value buffer with `Byte` type. This type choice is arbitrary.
-impl Default for ValueBuffer {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        ValueBuffer::empty(Type::BYTE)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Byte order of the TIFF file.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ByteOrder {

tests/decode_bigtiff_images.rs

@@ -26,20 +26,21 @@ fn test_big_tiff() {
             decoder.colortype().expect("Cannot get colortype"),
             ColorType::RGB(8)
         );
-
-        let mut ifd = decoder.current_ifd();
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::StripOffsets)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::StripOffsets)
                 .expect("Cannot get StripOffsets"),
             16
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip)
                 .expect("Cannot get RowsPerStrip"),
             64
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::StripByteCounts)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::StripByteCounts)
                 .expect("Cannot get StripByteCounts"),
             12288
         )

tests/decode_geotiff_images.rs

@@ -30,25 +30,27 @@ fn test_geo_tiff() {
                 num_samples: 5
             }
         );
-
-        let mut ifd = decoder.current_ifd();
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::StripOffsets)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::StripOffsets)
                 .expect("Cannot get StripOffsets"),
             418
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip)
                 .expect("Cannot get RowsPerStrip"),
             10
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag_u64(Tag::StripByteCounts)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag_u64(Tag::StripByteCounts)
                 .expect("Cannot get StripByteCounts"),
             1000
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ifd.get_tag(Tag::ModelPixelScaleTag)
+            decoder
+                .get_tag(Tag::ModelPixelScaleTag)
                 .expect("Cannot get pixel scale")
                 .into_f64_vec()
                 .expect("Cannot get pixel scale"),

tests/decode_images.rs

@@ -404,10 +404,7 @@ fn test_string_tags() {
         let img_file = File::open(path).expect("Cannot find test image!");
         let mut decoder = Decoder::open(img_file).expect("Cannot create decoder");
         decoder.next_image().expect("Cannot read image IFD");
-        let software = decoder
-            .current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(tiff::tags::Tag::Software)
-            .unwrap();
+        let software = decoder.get_tag(tiff::tags::Tag::Software).unwrap();
         match software {
             ifd::Value::Ascii(s) => assert_eq!(
                 &s,
@@ -481,8 +478,7 @@ fn test_inner_access() {
     decoder.next_image().expect("Cannot read image IFD");
     assert_eq!(decoder.colortype().unwrap(), ColorType::RGB(8));
 
-    let mut ifd = decoder.current_ifd();
-    let c = ifd
+    let c = decoder
         .get_tag(tiff::tags::Tag::Compression)
         .unwrap()
         .into_u16()
@@ -491,13 +487,13 @@ fn test_inner_access() {
 
     // Because the image is uncompressed, reading the first tile directly with the inner reader
     // should yield the same result as reading it with the decoder's read_chunk method.
-    let first_offset = ifd
+    let first_offset = decoder
         .get_tag_u32_vec(tiff::tags::Tag::TileOffsets)
         .unwrap()
         .into_iter()
         .next()
         .unwrap();
-    let first_byte_count = ifd
+    let first_byte_count = decoder
         .get_tag_u32_vec(tiff::tags::Tag::TileByteCounts)
         .unwrap()
         .into_iter()

tests/encode_images.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ fn encode_decode() {
         assert_eq!(decoder.dimensions().unwrap(), (100, 100));
 
         let mut all_tags = decoder
-            .current_ifd()
             .tag_iter()
             .filter_map(Result::ok)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ fn encode_decode() {
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            decoder.current_ifd().get_tag(Tag::Artist).unwrap(),
+            decoder.get_tag(Tag::Artist).unwrap(),
             ifd::Value::Ascii("Image-tiff".into())
         );
 
@@ -126,7 +125,6 @@ fn encode_decode_big() {
         assert_eq!(decoder.dimensions().unwrap(), (100, 100));
 
         let mut all_tags = decoder
-            .current_ifd()
             .tag_iter()
             .filter_map(Result::ok)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ fn encode_decode_big() {
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            decoder.current_ifd().get_tag(Tag::Artist).unwrap(),
+            decoder.get_tag(Tag::Artist).unwrap(),
             ifd::Value::Ascii("Image-tiff".into())
         );
         let mut buffer = tiff::decoder::DecodingSampleBuffer::U8(vec![]);
@@ -541,57 +539,37 @@ trait AssertDecode {
 
 impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> AssertDecode for Decoder<R> {
     fn assert_tag_u32(&mut self, tag: u16) -> u32 {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
-            .unwrap()
-            .into_u32()
-            .unwrap()
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_u32().unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_u32_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<u32> {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
             .unwrap()
             .into_u32_vec()
             .unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_i32(&mut self, tag: u16) -> i32 {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
-            .unwrap()
-            .into_i32()
-            .unwrap()
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_i32().unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_i32_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<i32> {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
             .unwrap()
             .into_i32_vec()
             .unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_u64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> u64 {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
-            .unwrap()
-            .into_u64()
-            .unwrap()
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_u64().unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_u64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<u64> {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
             .unwrap()
             .into_u64_vec()
             .unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_i64(&mut self, tag: u16) -> i64 {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
-            .unwrap()
-            .into_i64()
-            .unwrap()
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag)).unwrap().into_i64().unwrap()
     }
     fn assert_tag_i64_vec(&mut self, tag: u16) -> Vec<i64> {
-        self.current_ifd()
-            .get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
+        self.get_tag(Tag::Unknown(tag))
             .unwrap()
             .into_i64_vec()
             .unwrap()
@@ -798,13 +776,7 @@ fn test_rows_per_strip() {
     {
         let mut decoder = Decoder::open(&mut file).unwrap();
         decoder.next_image().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            decoder
-                .current_ifd()
-                .get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip)
-                .unwrap(),
-            2
-        );
+        assert_eq!(decoder.get_tag_u64(Tag::RowsPerStrip).unwrap(), 2);
         assert_eq!(decoder.strip_count().unwrap(), 50);
 
         for i in 0..50 {
@@ -857,7 +829,6 @@ fn test_auxiliary_directory() {
         let _ = decoder.read_image().unwrap();
 
         let exif_location = decoder
-            .current_ifd()
             .get_tag(Tag::ExifDirectory)
             .expect("second directory missing Exif")
             .into_ifd_pointer()